Clinical anatomy of the face

Question 1

What are the two parts of the cranium?

Answer 1

Neurocranium (bony covering of brain and meninges)
Viscerocranium (facial skeleton)

Question 2

What is the roof of the neurocranium called?

Answer 2

Calvaria

Question 3

What is the floor of the neurocranium called?

Answer 3

Cranial base

Question 4

What 8 bones make up the neurocranium?

Answer 4

Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Occipital
Temporal
Parietal

Question 5

What does pneumatised mean?

Answer 5

Air in the bones

Question 6

What bones are pneumatised?

Answer 6

Temporal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Maxillary bones

Question 7

What is the coronal suture?

Answer 7

The coronal suture is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint that separates the two parietal bones from the frontal bone of the skull.

Question 8

What can injury to the pterion result in?

Answer 8

Extra Dural haemorrhage

Question 9

What are the 3 branches from CNV?

Answer 9

Ophthalmic nerve
Maxillary nerve
Mandibular nerve

Question 10

What does the ophthalmic nerve supply?

Answer 10

Forehead and scalp
Frontal and ethmoidal sinus
Upper eyelid
Cornea
Dorsum of the nose

Question 11

What does the maxillary nerve supply?

Answer 11

Lower eyelid
Cheeks and maxillary sinus
Nasal cavity and lateral nose
Upper lip
Upper teeth
Superior palate

Question 12

What does the mandibular nerve supply?

Answer 12

Mucous membranes and floor of oral cavity
External ear
Anterior 2-3 of tongue
Lower lip
Chin
Lower teeth

Question 13

What is the motor supply of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 13

Muscles of mastication
Suprahyoid muscles
Tensor muscles

Question 14

What is Varicella Zoster Virus?

Answer 14

Infection which causes chicken pox and can cause lung or airway disease

Question 15

What are the muscles of mastication?

Answer 15

Masseter
Lateral Pterygoid
Medial Pterygoid
Temporalis

Question 16

Where does the masseter attach from and where to?

Answer 16

Zygomatic arch to the mandible

Question 17

Where does the temporalis attach from and where to?

Answer 17

Frontal parietal bones to the coronoid process of the mandible

Question 18

What muscle of mastication opens the mouth?

Answer 18

Lateral pterygoid

Question 19

How many muscles are in the face?

Answer 19

43

Question 20

What nerve is facial muscles supplied by?

Answer 20

Facial nerve VII

Question 21

What is the facial muscle which is involved in pursing of lips?

Answer 21

Orbicularis Oris

Question 22

What is the function of the buccinator?

Answer 22

Keeps food in oral cavity

Question 23

What are the two parts of the orbicularis oculi?

Answer 23

Orbital Part
Palpebral Part

Question 24

What muscles are used at the ear?

Answer 24

Auricular muscles

Question 25

What does vestigial mean?

Answer 25

Not as important

Question 26

Where would you find the parotid duct?

Answer 26

Opposite upper second molar tooth

Question 27

What 3 major structures pass through the parotid gland?

Answer 27

External carotid artery Retromandibular vein Facial nerve

Question 28

What is a parotidectomy?

Answer 28

Removal of parotid gland

Question 29

How is bells palsy diagnosed?

Answer 29

If there is no specific cause

Question 30

What treatment is given to people with Bells palsy?

Answer 30

Prednisolone Acyclovir

Question 31

What are the 5 main branches of the facial nerve?

Answer 31

Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Marginal mandibular Cervical

Question 32

What is the platysma innervated by and its function?

Answer 32

Tense neck Cervical branch of facial nerve

Question 33

What is Hypoglossal-facial anastomosis?

Answer 33

Bringing facial nerve and hypoglossal nerve together to restore facial function

Question 34

What facial pathology is named after sir Charles bell?

Answer 34

Bell's Palsy

Question 35

What is Bell's palsy?

Answer 35

Idiopathic condition, relating to inflammation of the stylomastoid foreman

Question 36

What is the nerve supply of the temporalis?

Answer 36

Mandibular division of trigeminal

Question 37

What is the nerve supply to the buccinator?

Answer 37

Buccal branch of the trigeminal nerve

Question 38

How would you clinically test the integrity of this muscle?

Answer 38

Puff out cheeks against closed mouth

Question 39

What common medical condition effects the buccinator?

Answer 39

Stroke, causes patient to be unable to keep food in oral cavity and drool

Question 40

What gland can be found anterior to the main parotid gland along the line of the parotid duct?

Answer 40

Accessory parotid gland (occurs in 20%)

Question 41

Name three structures which pass through the parotid gland

Answer 41

Facial nerve Retromandibular vein External carotid artery

Question 42

What pathologies may effect the parotid gland?

Answer 42

Mumps, parotid tumour May cause facial muscle weakness or paralysis

Question 43

Where is the orbicularis oculi found?

Answer 43

Around the eye

Question 44

What are the two components of the orbicularis oculi?

Answer 44

Palpebral part Orbital part

Question 45

What is the function of the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi?

Answer 45

For soft closure of the eyelids

Question 46

What is the function of the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi?

Answer 46

Stronger closure of the eye such as scrunching

Question 47

What is the nerve supply to the orbicularis oculi?

Answer 47

Temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve

Question 48

What would happen if the nerve supply to the orbicularis oculi was damaged?

Answer 48

Corneal drying Irritation Corneal ulceration

Question 49

What are the masseter's attachments?

Answer 49

Zygomatic arch and mandible

Question 50

What nerve supplies the masseter?

Answer 50

Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

Question 51

Where does the facial nerve exit the skull from?

Answer 51

Stylomastoid foreman

Question 52

What bone in the base of the skull does the facial nerve pass through?

Answer 52

Petrous temporal bone

Question 53

What is the treatment for bell's palsy?

Answer 53

Acyclovir and prednisolone