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BDS1 > Clinical anatomy of the face > Flashcards

Clinical anatomy of the face Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two parts of the cranium?

A

Neurocranium (bony covering of brain and meninges)
Viscerocranium (facial skeleton)

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2
Q

What is the roof of the neurocranium called?

A

Calvaria

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3
Q

What is the floor of the neurocranium called?

A

Cranial base

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4
Q

What 8 bones make up the neurocranium?

A

Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Occipital
Temporal
Parietal

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5
Q

What does pneumatised mean?

A

Air in the bones

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6
Q

What bones are pneumatised?

A

Temporal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Maxillary bones

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7
Q

What is the coronal suture?

A

The coronal suture is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint that separates the two parietal bones from the frontal bone of the skull.

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8
Q

What can injury to the pterion result in?

A

Extra Dural haemorrhage

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9
Q

What are the 3 branches from CNV?

A

Ophthalmic nerve
Maxillary nerve
Mandibular nerve

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10
Q

What does the ophthalmic nerve supply?

A

Forehead and scalp
Frontal and ethmoidal sinus
Upper eyelid
Cornea
Dorsum of the nose

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11
Q

What does the maxillary nerve supply?

A

Lower eyelid
Cheeks and maxillary sinus
Nasal cavity and lateral nose
Upper lip
Upper teeth
Superior palate

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12
Q

What does the mandibular nerve supply?

A

Mucous membranes and floor of oral cavity
External ear
Anterior 2-3 of tongue
Lower lip
Chin
Lower teeth

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13
Q

What is the motor supply of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Muscles of mastication
Suprahyoid muscles
Tensor muscles

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14
Q

What is Varicella Zoster Virus?

A

Infection which causes chicken pox and can cause lung or airway disease

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15
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Masseter
Lateral Pterygoid
Medial Pterygoid
Temporalis

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16
Q

Where does the masseter attach from and where to?

A

Zygomatic arch to the mandible

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17
Q

Where does the temporalis attach from and where to?

A

Frontal parietal bones to the coronoid process of the mandible

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18
Q

What muscle of mastication opens the mouth?

A

Lateral pterygoid

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19
Q

How many muscles are in the face?

A

43

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20
Q

What nerve is facial muscles supplied by?

A

Facial nerve VII

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21
Q

What is the facial muscle which is involved in pursing of lips?

A

Orbicularis Oris

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22
Q

What is the function of the buccinator?

A

Keeps food in oral cavity

23
Q

What are the two parts of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Orbital Part
Palpebral Part

24
Q

What muscles are used at the ear?

A

Auricular muscles

25
Q

What does vestigial mean?

A

Not as important

26
Q

Where would you find the parotid duct?

A

Opposite upper second molar tooth

27
Q

What 3 major structures pass through the parotid gland?

A

External carotid artery
Retromandibular vein
Facial nerve

28
Q

What is a parotidectomy?

A

Removal of parotid gland

29
Q

How is bells palsy diagnosed?

A

If there is no specific cause

30
Q

What treatment is given to people with Bells palsy?

A

Prednisolone
Acyclovir

31
Q

What are the 5 main branches of the facial nerve?

A

Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal mandibular
Cervical

32
Q

What is the platysma innervated by and its function?

A

Tense neck
Cervical branch of facial nerve

33
Q

What is Hypoglossal-facial anastomosis?

A

Bringing facial nerve and hypoglossal nerve together to restore facial function

34
Q

What facial pathology is named after sir Charles bell?

A

Bell’s Palsy

35
Q

What is Bell’s palsy?

A

Idiopathic condition, relating to inflammation of the stylomastoid foreman

36
Q

What is the nerve supply of the temporalis?

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal

37
Q

What is the nerve supply to the buccinator?

A

Buccal branch of the trigeminal nerve

38
Q

How would you clinically test the integrity of this muscle?

A

Puff out cheeks against closed mouth

39
Q

What common medical condition effects the buccinator?

A

Stroke, causes patient to be unable to keep food in oral cavity and drool

40
Q

What gland can be found anterior to the main parotid gland along the line of the parotid duct?

A

Accessory parotid gland (occurs in 20%)

41
Q

Name three structures which pass through the parotid gland

A

Facial nerve
Retromandibular vein
External carotid artery

42
Q

What pathologies may effect the parotid gland?

A

Mumps, parotid tumour
May cause facial muscle weakness or paralysis

43
Q

Where is the orbicularis oculi found?

A

Around the eye

44
Q

What are the two components of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Palpebral part
Orbital part

45
Q

What is the function of the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi?

A

For soft closure of the eyelids

46
Q

What is the function of the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Stronger closure of the eye such as scrunching

47
Q

What is the nerve supply to the orbicularis oculi?

A

Temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve

48
Q

What would happen if the nerve supply to the orbicularis oculi was damaged?

A

Corneal drying
Irritation
Corneal ulceration

49
Q

What are the masseter’s attachments?

A

Zygomatic arch and mandible

50
Q

What nerve supplies the masseter?

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

51
Q

Where does the facial nerve exit the skull from?

A

Stylomastoid foreman

52
Q

What bone in the base of the skull does the facial nerve pass through?

A

Petrous temporal bone

53
Q

What is the treatment for bell’s palsy?

A

Acyclovir and prednisolone

BDS1 (43 decks)

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