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Pharma > Sedative Hypnotics > Flashcards

Sedative Hypnotics Flashcards

0
Q

Intermediate acting BZD used for seizure disorder and as tranquilizers?

A

Lorazepam

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1
Q

Short acting BZD used for anesthesia induction and preop sedation?

A

Midazolam

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2
Q

Long acting BZD used as tranquilizer and for alcohol withdrawal?

A

Diazepam

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3
Q

BZD for status epilepticus?

A

Loraz (Int) and Diaz (Long)

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4
Q

Preferred BZD for skeletal muscle relaxation as in cerebral palsy?

A

Diazepam

Long acting

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5
Q

Preferred BZD for phobias and panic disorders?

A

Alpraz. Clonazepam

Intermediate acting

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6
Q

Preferred BZD for anesthesia induction?

A

Midaz, Diaz

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7
Q

Preferred BZD for alcohol withdrawal?

A

Long acting!

Diazepam and Chlordiazepoxide

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9
Q

MOA of BZD vs Barbiturates?

A

Frenzodiazepenes and Barbiduration

Inc frequency/duration of opening of chloride channels

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10
Q

Common AE of BZD?

A
  1. Rebound insomnia (more common in short acting-Midaz)
  2. Anterograde amnesia
  3. Unwanted daytime symptoms (Long-Diaz)
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11
Q

Examples of date rape drugs

A
  1. Alcohol
  2. Flunitrazepam
  3. Gamma hydroxybutyrate

“Rapists are FAGs”

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12
Q

BZD with longest half-life?

A

Chlordiazepoxide

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13
Q

Antidote for BZD overdose?

A

Flumazenil - GABA receptor antag

Precipitate BZD withdrawal syndrome

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14
Q

CYP450 Inducers?

A

Ethel Barbie takes Phen, Refuses Greasy Carb Shakes

Ethanol, Barbiturates, Phenytoin, Rifampicin, Griseofulvin, Carbamazepine, Smoking

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15
Q

Ultrashort acting barbiturate for anesthesia induction and increased ICP?

A

Thiopental

TAYO AGAD

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16
Q

AE of barbiturates?

A
  1. Acute intermittent porphyria (problem with heme synthesis-anemia)
  2. CNS depression
  3. Tolerance
17
Q

What enzyme is deficient in acute intermittent porphyria?

A

HMB synthase (Hydroxymethylbilane)

18
Q

What enzyme is deficient in porphyria cutanea tarda?

A

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase

19
Q

Long acting barbiturate for hyperbilirubinemia (GIlbert’s=unconjugated)?

A

Phenobarbital

20
Q

Most catastrophic symptom of sedative hypnotic withdrawal?

A

Rebound suicide :(

21
Q

Imidazopyridine that act as BZD versus insomnia?

Less dependence liability

A

Zolpidem

ZZZolpidem - Zleep disorders

22
Q

Anxiolytic drug, partial agonist at 5HT1a receptors for generalized anxiety disorder?

A

Buspirone

BUSpirone for BUSy people

23
Q

Drugs with disulfiram like reactions?

A

Clara took premed test in PM

Chlorpropamide, CefoPerazone, CefoMandole, CefoTetan, Procarbazine, Metronidazole

24
Q

Level of alcohol that causes respiratory depression and death?

A

> 500mg/dL

25
Q

Alcohol most commonly causes what cardiovascular defect?

A

Reversible DCM

vs. Doxorubicin (irreversible)

26
Q

Protective dose of ethanol?

A

10-15g/day increases HDL, protect against CAD

27
Q

Neurologic abnormalities in chronic alcohol intoxication? In alcohol withdrawal?

A

Wernicke Korsakoff - Weird ACO, CHA
Ataxia, Confusion, Ophthalmoplegia
Confabulation, Hallucinations, Amnesia
Also in vit B1 deficiency

28
Q

Neurologic abnormalities in alcohol withdrawal?

A

Delirium tremens - HAD 48
Hallucinations, Autonomic instability, Delirium
48-72 hours post-discontinuation

29
Q

Treatment of alcoholism?

A

Acamprosate - NMDA receptor antag
Naltrexone - opioid antag
Disulfiram

30
Q

Antidote for methanol poisoning? Methanol may cause blindness

A

ETHANOL - compete with methanol for alcohol DH

Decrease formaldehyde and formic acid levels

31
Q

Antidote for ethylene glycol poisoning?

A

Ethanol and Fomepizole

Decreases Oxalic acid - prevent renal damage and acidosis

32
Q

Congenital defect caused by alcohol? By phenytoin?

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome - MR, microcephaly, hypoplastic midfacial area
Fetal hydantoin syndrome - midfacial and distal digital hypoplasia

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