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Pharma > Antidiabetics > Flashcards

Antidiabetics Flashcards

0
Q

Uses of insulin?

A

DM
DKA
HyperK

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1
Q

All insulin preparations contain what mineral?

A

Zinc

Determine duration of action

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2
Q

Common AE of insulin?

A

Hypoglycemia

Lipodystrophy at injection site

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3
Q

First gen sulfonylurea for T2DM?

A

Chlorpropamide

Close K channels, depolarization, release insulin

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4
Q

Chlorpropamide AE?

A

Disulfiram
Clara took PMT in PM
Chlorprop. Cefoperazone. Tetan. Metronidazole

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5
Q

Second gen sulfonylurea for T2DM that cause less hypoglycemia?

A

Glipizide

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6
Q

Second gen sulfonylurea for T2DM that cause cholestatic jaundice?

A

Glibenclamide

GLIVERencamide

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7
Q

Insulin secretagogue for those with sulfa allergies? For postprandial hypergly

A

Repaglinide

“REPel allergies after eating seafood!”

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8
Q

Meglitinide with the least incidence of hypogly that can be used in patients with CKD?

A

Nateglinide

Nate archibald, least hypogly :)

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9
Q

Biguanide that inhibit hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis? DOC for obese patients

A

Metformin

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10
Q

Metformin also used in?

A

PCOS

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11
Q

Side effect of metformin due to dec glucose absorption in the GIT?

A

Vit B12 malabsorption

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12
Q

Thiazolidinedione that reduces mortality and macrovascular events in DM such as MI and stroke?

A

Pioglitazone

Pinapayongan yung heart - protects

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13
Q

Thiazolidinedione MOA?

A

Enhance muscle and adipose tissue reuptake of glucose by activating PPAR gamma

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14
Q

Thiazolidinedione that cause cardiovascular disease?

A

Rosiglitazone

Rosy has a heart problem

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15
Q

Thiazolidinedione withdrawn from the market due to hepatotoxicity?

A

Troglitazone

Trolls are removed!

16
Q

Alpha glucosidase inhibitor MOA?

A

Prevent conversion of complex carbs to simple sugars, slow absorption in the GIT

17
Q

Alpha glucosidase inhibitor used for diabetes prevention can cause what AE?

A

Flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal pain

18
Q

Alpha glucosidase inhibitor with minor glucose lowering action?

A

Acarbose

19
Q

Amylin analog that suppress glucagon release, delay GI emptying and is anorectic?

A

Pramlintide

20
Q

GLP-1 agonist that produces early satiety administered as injectable preparation with metformin?

A

Exenatide

Uneeksena kasi busog na!

21
Q

DPP-4 inhibitor that degrade GLP-1 for T2DM?

A

Sitagliptin

22
Q

Popular antiobesity drug that inhibit pancreatic lipases?

A

Orlistat

23
Q

Common AE of Orlistat?

A

Malabsorption of ADEK
Rebound weight gain upon discontinuation
Not for pregnant women!!

24
Q

Antiobesity drug withdrawn from the market due to significant risk of stroke and CV events?

A

Sibutramine

25
Q

Antiobesity drug withdrawn from the market due inc risk of suicides and depression?

A

Rimonabant

Block cannabinoid receptor, anorectic

26
Q

Adverse effect of bangkok pills?

A

Valvular heart disease
Fenfluramune
Phentermine
Ephedrine

27
Q

Effect of PTH on Ca and Mg? On bone?

A

HyperCa, hypoPO4 (trashing hormone)
Low intermittent - blast, build bone
High dose - inc bone resorption

28
Q

Recombinant PTH used for osteoporosis?

A

Teriparatide

Tara pare build tayo ng bone

29
Q

Inactive vit D used for rickets (children) and osteomalacia (adults)?

A

Ergocalciferol

AE: both hyperCa and hyperPO4

30
Q

Active vit D used for CKD (secondary hyperparathy due to dec Ca, inc PTH), liver disease and hypoparathyroidism?

A

Calcitriol

31
Q

Peptide hormone secreted by parafollicular C cells used for Paget’s and in hyperCa?

A

Calcitonin

32
Q

Calcitonin used as a marker of what cancer?

A

Medullary thyroid cancer

33
Q

Net effect of calcitonin on Ca and PO4?

A

Decrease serum Ca and PO4 by inhibiting bone resorption

34
Q

Bisphosphonate that suppress activity of osteoclasts used in pagets and osteoporosis?

A

Alendronate

35
Q

AE of bisphosphonates? (100%)

A

Esophagitis

Drink large quantities of water and avoid esophageal reflux

36
Q

Alendronate contraindicated in?

A

Renal impairment, PUD, esophageal motility disorders

37
Q

Phosphate binding resin used for hyperphos in CKD and in Vit D intoxication?

A

Sevelamer

Can reduce uric acid levels also

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