Diuretics

Question 0

Inhibits carbonic anhydrase in PCT?

Answer 0

Acetazolamide

Question 1

What is absorbed in PCT?

Answer 1

60-70% NaCl NaHCO3

Uric acid

Question 2

CAI also used for?

Answer 2

1. Mountain sickness - produce carbonic acid to inc RR, blow off CO2
2. Glaucoma - dec aqueous humor production
3. Alkalosis

Question 3

Acetazolamide AE?

Answer 3

Hyper Cl Met Acid (Acidazolamide)

Ca stones, K wasting, Hep enceph

Question 4

Inhibit NaK2Cl in TAL of LOH?

Answer 4

Loop diuretics

Question 5

Other uses of loop besides HF and hypertension (Inc UO)?

Answer 5

Pulmo Edema - water loss

Hypercalcemia in malignancy - inc Ca excretion

Question 6

Loop AE?

Answer 6

HypoK Met Alka (inverse of CAI)
K wasting, HypoCa, hypoMg
Hyperuricemia, Nephritis
(Dec Ca and Mg absorption)

Question 7

Loop Causes what if given with aminoglycosides?

Answer 7

OTOTOXICITY

Question 8

Other similar drugs to furosemide?

Answer 8

Bumetanide
Torsemide
ETHACRYNIC ACID

Question 9

Loop efficacy decreased by?

Answer 9

NSAIDs

Question 10

Loop diuretic tox? OH DANG.

Answer 10

Ototoxicity
HypoK Met Alka
Dehydration
Allergy sulfa
Nephritis
Gout

Question 11

How much sodium reabsorbed in DCT?

Answer 11

5-8%

Question 12

Renal stones
As side effect?
As indication for use?

Answer 12

SE: Acetazolamide
Use: Hydrochlorthiazide

Question 13

Thiazide AE?

Answer 13

HyperGLUC
Glycemia
Lipidemia
Uricemia
Calcemia

Question 14

How much sodium reabsorbed in CCT?

Answer 14

2-5%

Question 15

Primary site of urine acidification?

Answer 15

CC

Inc in H and K excretion

Question 16

Aldosterone antagonist used in hyperaldosteronism, hypertension, hypokalemia?

Answer 16

Spironolactone. Eplerenone.

Question 17

Spironolactone AE?

Answer 17

Gynecomastia - also a steroid
HyperK, HyperCl Met Acid
BPH
Impotence

Question 18

Eplerenone reduces progression of?

Answer 18

DM nephropathy

Reduce mortality post MI

Question 19

Potassium sparing that inhibit epithelial sodium channels in CCT used for hypokalemia that cause hyperkalemia?

Answer 19

Amiloride

Question 20

Amiloride may cause ARF if given with?

Answer 20

Indomethacin

Question 21

Drugs that cause gynecomastia?

Answer 21

Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers

Spironolactone. Digoxin. Cimetidine. Alcohol. Ketoconazole.

Question 22

Osmotic diuretics reduce water reabsorption in?

Answer 22

PCT
LOH - descending
CD

Question 23

Osmotic diuretic used in rhabdomyolysis and hemolysis?

Answer 23

Mannitol
Also in inc ICP
Glaucoma

Question 24

Mannitol AE?

Answer 24

Transient hyponat then hypernat

Dehydration

Question 25

Site of action of ADH agonist and antagonist?

Answer 25

Medullary collecting duct

Question 26

Desmopressin act on which receptors?

Also cause?

Answer 26

V1 and V2
Insert aquaporins in MCD to absorb water
Also cause vasoconstriction

Question 27

ADH used in central/nephrogenic DI?

Answer 27

Central
Thiazides for nephrogenic DI
Also used for nocturnal enuresis
VWD, hemophilia

Question 28

ADH antagonist used in SIADH?

Answer 28

Conivaptan

“Connie Sia”

Question 29

ADH antagonist that causes bone and teeth abnormalities, renal failure? Used for hyponatremia and SIADH

Answer 29

Demeclocycline

Question 30

Rapid correction of hyponatremia leads to?

Answer 30

Central pontine myelinosis

Demyelination