Science Test

Question 1

Which is a way scientists have been able to study Earth’s interior?

Answer 1

measuring earthquake waves as they travel through Earth’s surface

Question 2

The brittle, rocky/solid outer layer of Earth is called the:

Answer 2

Crust

Question 3

What causes an earthquake to happen?

Answer 3

Rocks along an underground fault move suddenly and release energy.

Question 4

Fossil fuels like coal and petroleum are evidence of Earth’s history are things we can obtain from:

Answer 4

Sedimentary Rock

Question 5

Where do earthquaks most frequently occur?

Answer 5

Plate boundaries.

Question 6

Sedimentary rocks are lithified (formed into solid rock) by which of the following processes?

Answer 6

Cementation

Question 7

Most earthquakes occur around the:

Answer 7

Pacific Ocean

Question 8

Which of the earth’s layers is a hot, convecting (circulating) layer of rock?

Answer 8

Mantle

Question 9

The very smallest sedimentary clasts can form:

Answer 9

Shale

Question 10

Another word for weathered rock particles or small grains of rock that have broken off of larger rock is:

Answer 10

Clasts

Question 11

The point below the Earth’s surface where the fault slips and the energy release of an earthquake occurs is the ______.

Answer 11

Focus

Question 12

What happens to the temperature and pressure as you go down into the earth?

Answer 12

They both increase

Question 13

Sedimentary rocks that are made up of visible fairly large rounded clasts is known as:

Answer 13

Conglomerate

Question 14

The most destructive seismic waves are ________.

Answer 14

Surface Waves

Question 15

What is the theory of continental drift?

Answer 15

The continents move slowly over Earth’s surface.

Question 16

What does the continents move slowly over Earth’s surface mean?

Answer 16

Breccia

Question 17

How does distance from the epicenter of an earthquake change the earthquake’s effects?

Answer 17

The strongest effects are at the epicenter.

Question 18

Why do continents move?

Answer 18

because of the centrifugal force from Earth’s rotation

Question 19

The majority of the rocks on earth’s dry surface are:

Answer 19

Sedimentary Rock

Question 20

The first seismic waves to arrive at a seismic station (location of seismograph) are:

Answer 20

P-waves

Question 21

Where do ocean crust form?

Answer 21

Mid-Ocean Ridges

Question 22

Rock formation in Geology is known as:

Answer 22

Lithification

Question 23

In order to accurately locate an earthquake epicenter, seismologists will need at least three _____________________.

Answer 23

Seismographs

Question 24

Most divergent plate boundaries lie under the world’s oceans. Which occurs at divergent boundaries?

Answer 24

Formation of new crust

Question 25

Rocks that formed in a solution from ion molecules or atoms in that solution are known as:

Answer 25

non-clastic sedimentary rocks

Question 26

What is the P-waves strength What is the S-waves strength What is the Surface strength

Answer 26

Weakest Intermediate Strength

Question 27

Common minerals found in granite (a metamorphic) rocks include:

Answer 27

Mica Feldspar Quartz

Question 28

The return of rock to its original shape after deformation is called:

Answer 28

Elastic Rebound

Question 29

Two arrows pointing the same way?

Answer 29

Convergent Boundary

Question 30

What is a transform boundary?

Answer 30

Arrows sliding passed each other

Question 31

What is a convergent boundary?

Answer 31

Arrows going towards each other

Question 32

What is a divergent boundary?

Answer 32

Arrows pointing away from each other

Question 33

Stress within Earth causes ________________, which is the process by which rock changes shape.

Answer 33

Deformation

Question 34

A steplike linear landform caused by a geologically recent slip on the fault:

Answer 34

Fault Scarp

Question 35

What is a seismograph?

Answer 35

An intsrument that records the movement of Earthquakes

Question 36

What is a seismogram?

Answer 36

A record of the seismograph

Question 37

What is a fault?

Answer 37

Split in the surface of Earth that is a crack between two blocks of rocks

Question 38

What is a fissure?

Answer 38

Visible cracks or ruptures

Question 39

What does the theory of plate tectonics provide?

Answer 39

an explanation for the occurrence of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

Question 40

What happens as the seafloor spreads apart?

Answer 40

The newer oceanic crust is pushed under the mid-ocean ridge.

Question 41

shearing stress can create this fault tension stress can create this fault where one side falls due to gravity compression stress can create this fault where one side is pushed up against gravity

Answer 41

strike-slip fault normal-fault reverse fault

Question 42

Clastic sedimentary rocks are made up of:

Answer 42

bits and pieces of broken rock

Question 43

Quartz is the predominant mineral in this sedimentary rock that also forms the tough, weather-resistant cap on Lookout Mountain. It is composed of tiny rounded pieces of quartz that have been cemented together and often forms underneath lakes, rivers, or on the ocean floor.

Answer 43

Sandstone

Question 44

Which process of sedimentary rock formation involves the movement of sediments from one place to another often by the combined action of water and gravity?

Answer 44

Erosion

Question 45

A chemical sedimentary rock precipitates out of a solution from animals and plants. This is known as:

Answer 45

Organic Process

Question 46

The most abundant type of sedimentary rock on Earth's surface is:

Answer 46

Limestone

Question 47

If you add enough pressure to a rock you can:

Answer 47

flatten its mineral crystals

Question 48

Pressure can realign mineral crystals within a rock to form this visible result of contact metamorphism:

Answer 48

banding and foliation

Question 49

What is the rock cycle?

Answer 49

1. Magma 2. Crystallization 3. Igneous rock 4. Erosion 5. Sedimentation 6. Sedimentary rock 7. Tectonic burial 8. Metamorphic rock 9. Melting of rock and minerals