Medieval Test Flashcards by Ava Doyley

From 476-1000 AD Europe experienced what?

The Dark Ages

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What were some reasons why this period was called the Dark Ages?

Low Population
Low literacy rates
Famine

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What were some things that happened during the Dark Age?

Blending of Roman and Germanic Cultures
Christianity is on the rise
Europe is heavily forested

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Who named the Dark Ages?

Francesco Petracu

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What is another name for the Middle Ages?

Medieval Ages

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Who was Clovis?

Leader of the Franks

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What was the dynasty that Clovis started (Leader of the Franks)?

Merovingians

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What was Charles Martel’s nickname?

Hammer (Because of his victory in Battle)

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What is the Battle Of Tour?

Christianity vs. Muslims

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What would have happened if the christians lost at the Battle of Tours?

Christianity could’ve never spread around the world

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What was the date of the Battle of Tours?

732 AD

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What was the main goal in life in the Dark Ages?

Survival

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What modern country is named after the Franks?

France

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What were some of the accomplishments of Charlemagne?

Cared for the poor
Abolished Abortion
Gave order in chaos

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Who crowned Charlemagne emperor?

Pope Leo 3

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When was Charlemagne crowned?

800

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What was the greatest threat to Charlemagne at the end of his reign?

The Vikings

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Where did the Vikings come from?

Nordic Countries(Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Denmark

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What were some of the traits of the Vikings?

Warrior Culture
Expert Shipbuilders

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What did the Vikings do to be known for their bad culture

Intimidating and frightening
Known for there quick attacks without warning

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What were a way that Vikings were intimidating?

They filed their teeth

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What did the Vikings cause?

The start of Feudalism

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What was the other group of invaders called?

Anglo-Saxons

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Who was Eric The Red?

The first European to reach North America

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How much time was between Eric the Red and Columbus?

500 years

What was the colony called that was started by Lief Erickson in Canada?

Vinland

What is Feudalism?

A system of agreements between social classes

Lord/Noble Vassal Knights Fief Serf/Peasant

Wealthy Landowners Individual who served a lord militaryily Heavily armored vassals that protected the land Small piece of land granted to Vassals in exchange for military service Common Laborers

What is a manor?

An agricultural estate owned by a knight or lord (located on a fief of land)

What are the two basic needs that Feudalism meets?

Food and Protection

What are some major reasons for the decline for Feudalism?

NEW TECHNOLOGY Heavy Plows Horses instead of Oxen for farming TRADE

What were the literacy rates throughout the Middle Ages?

Less than 5%

What was the role of The Pope in the Catholic Church?

He had all of the power

What is excommunication?

Depriving a person from receiving the sacraments

What is interdict?

Excommunication of an entire region

What is indulgence?

Was some type of paper or statement issued that would remove a certain sin

What is Purgatory?

Half way house between heaven and hell

What were the ways that people in Middle Ages learned about the bible?

Illistrated Manuscripts Medieval Narrative Art

What is Papal Bull?

A letter to explain a religious teaching or outline church policy

What does Unam Sanctum mean?

"One Holy"

Who made the Unam Sanctum?

Pope Boniface declared that he had control over the physical and spiritual world.

What did the Unam Sanctum Communicate to kings all over Europe?

That the Pope had the ultimate authority in the spiritual and physical world

What happened when Pope Boniface communicated the Sanctum?

The King Of France kidnapped him and beat him

What is the difference between Friars and Monks?

Friars worked among the people while believing in their religion and Monks collected and copied many biblical texts living in the Monasteries

Who was Saint Francis of Assisi?

He was a person known for believing that everyone was his brother and sister including animals.

What was The Crusades?

Religious/Cultural Wars blessed by The Pope and the church

Who was the enemy in the crusades?

Muslims

What was the goal of the wars?

To regain the holy land (Jerusalem)

What does Crusade mean?

Taking up cross

How long did the Crusades go on?

Roughly 200 years (With Breaks)

How many Crusades were there?

9 (4 main ones)

Which Pope called for the crusades?

Pope Urban

Where did Islam originate?

Arabian Peninsula

Who is the founder of Islam?

The prophet Muhammad

What is the Dome Of the Rock?

Holy Place in Jerusalem

What is Mecca?

Location of Pilgrimage for Muslims

What are the Five Pillars of Islam?

There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet Daily prayers toward Mecca Alms to the poor Fasting during Rammadan Pilgrimage to Mecca

How did Islam spread so rapidly?

Because they conquered areas so quickly and everyone converted

What was promised to those who fought in the Crusades?

Spiritual Merit and Salvation

What else was promised in the Crusades if the people fought?

Offer of Salvation Adventure Fame/Fortune Escape from European Life Offer of Land or Freedom

Who was Richard Lionheart?

He was a king that fought in the crusades that was a great leader and a skilled soldier

What happened at the end of the 4th crusade?

Crusaders sacked Constantinople a city they were originally helping

What were some negative results of the crusades?

City of Jerusalem was destroyed Many people were killed Soldiers were lied to in terms of what there reward would be Final split between the Orthodox and Catholic church

What were some positive affects of the crusades?

Trade has new routes to go through Ideas mostly in education came to Europe

What country develops the Magna Carta?

England

What is the Magna Carta?

A group of nobles decided to force the kings to respect their rights and demands

What does Magna Carta mean?

Great Charter

How many demands were there?

What caused the Magna Carta?

The King of England was abusing his power because of his loss against the french

What is the Black Death?

A disease that affected 1/3 of Europe's population

Where did the Black Death come from?

Came from China/Mongolia and they came from the port

Where did the disease reach first?

Sicily

What was the percentage of death?

25-50 million deaths

What people group was persecuted because of the plague?

The jews

How did the plague shape the world?

Brought an end to feudalism

What was the 100 years war?

War between France and England because the king of France died and a war broke out amongst them

What is another way of saying that Europe wanted to be the best?

National Pride

What was some New Technology that was invented in the 100 years war?

Longbow Gunpowder

Who was Joan of Arc?

17 year old claimed to have a vision from God and lead the french into battle and won

True or False: France suffered more than Europe did

True

What is the Reconquista?

Meaning Reconquest: Spain and Portugal's attempt to drive out the Moors on the Iberian Peninusla

What is Castille?

Largest Kingdom in Spain

What is the Spanish Inquistion?

A secret organization that decreed that everybody had to convert to christianity and if not they would be punished

What Kingdom is Ferdinand and Isabella from?

Castille and Aragon