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Oceans Test Flashcards

Science

1
Q

What is oceanography?

A

Study of Earth’s oceans

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2
Q

What was the first research ship to use measuring devices to scan the ocean?

A

British Challenger

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3
Q

What is Sonar?

A

Machine used for echo and the known velocity of sound

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4
Q

What is the velocity of sound in water?

A

1500 m/s

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5
Q

What is a satellite?

A

Used to monitor the ocean’s surface, tempatures, currents, and wave conditions

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6
Q

What is a submersible?

A

A underwater vessel used to investigate the deepest ocean trenches

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7
Q

What is side-scan?

A

Technique used to direct sound waves to the seafloor at and angle

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8
Q

How much water does the ocean contain?

A

97% of Earth’s water

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9
Q

Where is the remaining three percent of water found?

A

In frozen ice caps and glaciers

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10
Q

What is Global Sea Level?

A

Level of the ocean’s surface

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11
Q

Why has sea level risen and fallen overtime?

A

Melting Of Ice Caps
Tectonic Forces

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12
Q

How much of Earth’s surface is covered by oceans?

A

71 percent

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13
Q

What is the percentage of oceans in the Northern hemisphere?

A

61%

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14
Q

What is the percentage of oceans in the Southern hemisphere?

A

81%

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15
Q

Why is there less ocean in the Northern hemisphere?

A

There are more landmasses that cover the oceans

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16
Q

What are the three major oceans?

A

Pacific-Largest
Atlantic
Indian-Smallest

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17
Q

What is the water surrounding Anarctica called?

A

Antarctic Ocean

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18
Q

What develops at the surface of the water during winter in some oceans?

A

Ice-Crystal slush

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19
Q

When Ice-Crystal Slush solidifies and turns into round pieces is called?

A

Pack Ice

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20
Q

What is the Mediterranean Sea?

A

First sea to be mapped or explored and is located between Africa and Europe

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21
Q

True or False: Gulf Of Mexico is the closest to us

A

True

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22
Q

What is the solution of seawater?

A

96.5 percent water and 3.5 percent dissolved salts

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23
Q

What is the most abundant salt in seawater?

A

Sodium Chloride (NaCI)

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24
Q

When the substances are dissolved they are in the form of what?

A

Ions

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25
All seas and oceans belong to one global ocean besides what sea?
Caspian Sea
26
What is salinity
Is a measure of the amount of dissolved salts in seawater
27
What does seawater also contain?
Dissolved gases and nutrients
28
Why is there more salinity when evaporation occurs more than precipitation?
Because the evaporating of water helps salt to produce more especially if there isn't as much water coming in to the ocean
29
Where do the lowest salinity rates often occur?
Where large rives empty into the ocean
30
Where do chlorine and Sulfur dissolve in?
Water
31
What other ways can ions from?
The weathering of coastal rocks
32
When marine organisms remove ions from seawater what do they use it for?
shells, bones, teeth
33
What is freshwater's maximum density?
1.00 gram
34
Why is seawater denser than freshwater?
Because salt ions are heavier than water molecules
35
What is the freezing point of seawater?
-2 C
36
Water absorbs what?
Light
37
What can is the limit of light shown in the water
Only the first 100 meters
38
What light penetrates less than blue light?
Red light
39
What does ocean water tempature tend to do as the depth gets deeper?
Tempatures decrease significantly
40
What is the thermocline?
Is a transitional layer which is characterized by rapidly decreasing tempatures with depth
41
What is the length of the Thermocline?
900 meters
42
What is ocean layering caused by?
Density Differences
43
What do surface currents do?
They bring relative salt
44
When cold water becomes saltier and denser than the surrounding seawater what happens?
It sinks because of density
45
What are the three water masses?
Anarctica Bottom Water North Atlantic Deep Water Anarctic Intermediate
46
What is a wave?
A ryhthmic movement that carries energy through space or matter
47
What is the movement of ocean waves?
Circular Motion
48
What is a crest? What is a trough?
Highest point of a wave Lowest point of a wave
49
What is the vertical distance between crest and trough? What is the horizontal crest to crest distance?
Wave Height Wave Length
50
What is a wave Base?
The bottom or base of a wave
51
What determines the wave Base?
The wavelength
52
What is fetch?
The expanse of water that the wind blows across
53
What does wave height depend on?
Wind speed, wind duration, fetch
54
Why do oceans lose energy when they hit the shore?
The friction with the ocean bottom
55
As the water becomes shallow what happens to the incoming wave crests?
They gradually catch up with the slower wave crest and turn into mega waves
56
What are breakers?
Waves where the crests collapse forwards
57
What are tides?
The periodic rise and fall of the sea
58
What is the highest level of tide called? What is the lowest level of tide called?
High Tide Low Tide
59
What is the difference between high and low Tide called?
Tidal Range
60
Semidiurnal- Mixed- Diurnal-
Two high tides a day One low Tide, One high tide a day One tide a day
61
What are the main causes of tides?
Gravitational Attraction of the Earth, Sun and Moon Storms Wind
62
What are lunar tides? What are Solar Tides? What are Spring Tides?
When the sun and moon is closer to Earth causing higher tides Can either enhance or diminish low tides When the sun, moon, and Earth are aligned causes higher tides and lower tides
63
What are neap tides?
High tides are lower and low tides are higher
64
What are surface currents driven by?
Wind
65
What patterns do surface currents follow?
Corolsis Effect and Global Wind Systems
66
What are closed circular systems that deflect the north and south currents?
Gyers
67
What are the five major gyres?
North Pacific, North Atlantic, South Pacific, South Atlantic, Indian Ocean
68
Two factors are important in creating a dense mass of moving water: What are they?
Tempature Salinity
69
Deep ocean circulation is referred to as what?
Thermohaline Circulation
70
What is upwelling?
Upward motion of ocean water

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