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School Study Stuff > Oceans Test > Flashcards

Oceans Test Flashcards

Science

1
Q

What is oceanography?

A

Study of Earth’s oceans

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2
Q

What was the first research ship to use measuring devices to scan the ocean?

A

British Challenger

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3
Q

What is Sonar?

A

Machine used for echo and the known velocity of sound

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4
Q

What is the velocity of sound in water?

A

1500 m/s

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5
Q

What is a satellite?

A

Used to monitor the ocean’s surface, tempatures, currents, and wave conditions

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6
Q

What is a submersible?

A

A underwater vessel used to investigate the deepest ocean trenches

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7
Q

What is side-scan?

A

Technique used to direct sound waves to the seafloor at and angle

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8
Q

How much water does the ocean contain?

A

97% of Earth’s water

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9
Q

Where is the remaining three percent of water found?

A

In frozen ice caps and glaciers

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10
Q

What is Global Sea Level?

A

Level of the ocean’s surface

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11
Q

Why has sea level risen and fallen overtime?

A

Melting Of Ice Caps
Tectonic Forces

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12
Q

How much of Earth’s surface is covered by oceans?

A

71 percent

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13
Q

What is the percentage of oceans in the Northern hemisphere?

A

61%

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14
Q

What is the percentage of oceans in the Southern hemisphere?

A

81%

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15
Q

Why is there less ocean in the Northern hemisphere?

A

There are more landmasses that cover the oceans

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16
Q

What are the three major oceans?

A

Pacific-Largest
Atlantic
Indian-Smallest

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17
Q

What is the water surrounding Anarctica called?

A

Antarctic Ocean

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18
Q

What develops at the surface of the water during winter in some oceans?

A

Ice-Crystal slush

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19
Q

When Ice-Crystal Slush solidifies and turns into round pieces is called?

A

Pack Ice

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20
Q

What is the Mediterranean Sea?

A

First sea to be mapped or explored and is located between Africa and Europe

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21
Q

True or False: Gulf Of Mexico is the closest to us

A

True

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22
Q

What is the solution of seawater?

A

96.5 percent water and 3.5 percent dissolved salts

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23
Q

What is the most abundant salt in seawater?

A

Sodium Chloride (NaCI)

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24
Q

When the substances are dissolved they are in the form of what?

A

Ions

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25
Q

All seas and oceans belong to one global ocean besides what sea?

A

Caspian Sea

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26
Q

What is salinity

A

Is a measure of the amount of dissolved salts in seawater

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27
Q

What does seawater also contain?

A

Dissolved gases and nutrients

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28
Q

Why is there more salinity when evaporation occurs more than precipitation?

A

Because the evaporating of water helps salt to produce more especially if there isn’t as much water coming in to the ocean

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29
Q

Where do the lowest salinity rates often occur?

A

Where large rives empty into the ocean

30
Q

Where do chlorine and Sulfur dissolve in?

A

Water

31
Q

What other ways can ions from?

A

The weathering of coastal rocks

32
Q

When marine organisms remove ions from seawater what do they use it for?

A

shells, bones, teeth

33
Q

What is freshwater’s maximum density?

A

1.00 gram

34
Q

Why is seawater denser than freshwater?

A

Because salt ions are heavier than water molecules

35
Q

What is the freezing point of seawater?

A

-2 C

36
Q

Water absorbs what?

A

Light

37
Q

What can is the limit of light shown in the water

A

Only the first 100 meters

38
Q

What light penetrates less than blue light?

A

Red light

39
Q

What does ocean water tempature tend to do as the depth gets deeper?

A

Tempatures decrease significantly

40
Q

What is the thermocline?

A

Is a transitional layer which is characterized by rapidly decreasing tempatures with depth

41
Q

What is the length of the Thermocline?

A

900 meters

42
Q

What is ocean layering caused by?

A

Density Differences

43
Q

What do surface currents do?

A

They bring relative salt

44
Q

When cold water becomes saltier and denser than the surrounding seawater what happens?

A

It sinks because of density

45
Q

What are the three water masses?

A

Anarctica Bottom Water
North Atlantic Deep Water
Anarctic Intermediate

46
Q

What is a wave?

A

A ryhthmic movement that carries energy through space or matter

47
Q

What is the movement of ocean waves?

A

Circular Motion

48
Q

What is a crest?
What is a trough?

A

Highest point of a wave
Lowest point of a wave

49
Q

What is the vertical distance between crest and trough?
What is the horizontal crest to crest distance?

A

Wave Height
Wave Length

50
Q

What is a wave Base?

A

The bottom or base of a wave

51
Q

What determines the wave Base?

A

The wavelength

52
Q

What is fetch?

A

The expanse of water that the wind blows across

53
Q

What does wave height depend on?

A

Wind speed, wind duration, fetch

54
Q

Why do oceans lose energy when they hit the shore?

A

The friction with the ocean bottom

55
Q

As the water becomes shallow what happens to the incoming wave crests?

A

They gradually catch up with the slower wave crest and turn into mega waves

56
Q

What are breakers?

A

Waves where the crests collapse forwards

57
Q

What are tides?

A

The periodic rise and fall of the sea

58
Q

What is the highest level of tide called?
What is the lowest level of tide called?

A

High Tide
Low Tide

59
Q

What is the difference between high and low Tide called?

A

Tidal Range

60
Q

Semidiurnal-
Mixed-
Diurnal-

A

Two high tides a day
One low Tide, One high tide a day
One tide a day

61
Q

What are the main causes of tides?

A

Gravitational Attraction of the Earth, Sun and Moon
Storms
Wind

62
Q

What are lunar tides?
What are Solar Tides?
What are Spring Tides?

A

When the sun and moon is closer to Earth causing higher tides
Can either enhance or diminish low tides
When the sun, moon, and Earth are aligned causes higher tides and lower tides

63
Q

What are neap tides?

A

High tides are lower and low tides are higher

64
Q

What are surface currents driven by?

A

Wind

65
Q

What patterns do surface currents follow?

A

Corolsis Effect and Global Wind Systems

66
Q

What are closed circular systems that deflect the north and south currents?

A

Gyers

67
Q

What are the five major gyres?

A

North Pacific, North Atlantic, South Pacific, South Atlantic, Indian Ocean

68
Q

Two factors are important in creating a dense mass of moving water: What are they?

A

Tempature
Salinity

69
Q

Deep ocean circulation is referred to as what?

A

Thermohaline Circulation

70
Q

What is upwelling?

A

Upward motion of ocean water

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