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Volcanoes Flashcards

1
Q

Why do eruptions happen?

A

Stem from the release of magma on to earth’s surface

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2
Q

How many active volcanoes are their?

A

1,500 at least

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3
Q

How many volcanic eruptions are their each year?

A

50 every year

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4
Q

What are the types of rocks that are erupted from volcanoes?

A

Basalt
Andesite
Dacite
Rhyolite

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5
Q

What is one of the most common content on Earth?

A

Silica

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6
Q

What is the rate of how much silica and viscosity is in dacite and Rhyolite?

A

Very High and because of this, gasses have a slim chance of getting out of this rocks.

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7
Q

What are the types of volcanoes?

A

Cinder Cones
Shield Volcanoes
Composite Volcanoes

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8
Q

What is another name for composite volcanoes?

A

Strato Volcanoes

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9
Q

What is the non-explosive shield-like mountain called?

A

Lava Dome

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10
Q

What is the most dangerous, violent, and explosive volcanoes called?

A

SuperVolcanoes

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11
Q

What are examples of a caldera?

A

Yellowstone National Park

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12
Q

How explosive is a cinder cone and a shield volcano?

A

Mildly explosive

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13
Q

Why is a cinder cone and a shield volcano mildy explosive?

A

Because of the basalt that is inside of the volcano

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14
Q

How explosive is a composite (strato) volcano?

A

Mild to Highly explosive

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15
Q

Why is the composite volcano mild to highly explosive?

A

Because of the dacite having a lot of silica and because it’s hard for the gasses to escape and when they do there is a massive explosion.

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16
Q

Why is a supervolcano extremely dangerous and explosive?

A

Because of the Rhyolite having high levels of silica and because of the trapped gases staying inside of the Rhyolite so long and when the gasses come out there is an even bigger explosion than Dacite

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17
Q

How do cinder cone volcanoes form?

A

Constructed from fountains of lava that rain around the vent.

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18
Q

What is the biggest eruption recorded in U.S. history?

A

Mt. St. Helens

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19
Q

What is a shield volcano?

A

Basically really big, long duration cinder cones that form layers because of there constant eruptions

20
Q

What is an example of a shield volcano?

A

Mauna Loa, Olympus Mons,

21
Q

What is a composite volcano?

A

are formed by alternating layers of ash fallouts and lava flows

22
Q

What is a classic composite volcano example?

A

Mt. Fuji

23
Q

What is a lava dome?

A

Highly viscous eruptions that build internally and externally

24
Q

Where is a lava dome forming right now?

A

Mt. Saint Helens

25
Q

What is a caldera?

A

Highly explosive eruptions that lead to structural collapse from an emptied magma chamber

26
Q

How wide is crater lake?

A

6 miles wide

27
Q

How large is long valley caldera?

A

15 miles wide

28
Q

What is a lahar?

A

a hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments flowing (70 mph) down the slopes of a volcano and into river valleys

29
Q

What is pyroclastic flows?

A

fluidized masses of rock fragments and gases that move rapidly in response to gravity

(can travel over 400 miles per hour, and reach temperatures approaching 2,000° F)
30
Q

Which has more mositure pyroclastic flows or lahars?

A

Lahars

31
Q

Which has superheated steam?

A

Pyroclastic Flows

32
Q

True or False: Lahars and Pyroclastic flows are both fluidized

A

True

33
Q

What is CO2 emissions?

A

Release of CO2 from buried magma into the atmosphere through faults, fissures, and lakes.

34
Q

What are some positives associated with volcanic eruptions?

A

Fertile Soil
Geothermal Energy
New Land

35
Q

What kind of volcano is Mt Saint Helens?

A

Composite (Strato) Volcano

36
Q

The Hawaiian Islands are mainly this type of volcano…

A

Shield Volcanoes

37
Q

A volcano with a low viscosity most likely has what kind of magma inside of it?

A

Basalt forming magma

38
Q

Which ingredient makes lava more viscous?

A

Silica

39
Q

Igneous intrusions can produce…

A

Granite

40
Q

The main dissolved gasses in lava are what?

A

Water and Carbon Dioxide

41
Q

What are Hawaii and Iceland known as?

A

Hot spots

42
Q

Why do some volcanoes have steep slopes?

A

thick lava solidifies before it gets far down slope

43
Q

Which type of volcano is Kilauea in Hawaii?

A

shield

44
Q

Which type of volcano has a cone shape, but is usually much smaller than a composite volcano which can also have a cone shape?

A

cinder cone

45
Q

What is it called when a crack in the crust forms as plates pull away from each other?

A

Fissure

46
Q

The name of our solar system’s largest mountain which scientists believe may also be a shield volcano:

A

Olympus Mons

47
Q

One of the easiest ways that some scientists and non-professionals are able to classify volcanoes as dangerous vs approachable is based on their:

A

Color

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