Revision 2 Flashcards by Angela S

Perinuem is supplied by

internal pudenal arteries

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Perineal membrane

separates superficial and deep perineal structures

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Detrusor is what type of muscle

smooth

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Vagina is deep in the

perioneal space

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Ischiocavernousis is

superficial in males

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Somatic innervation of bladder includes what

Vol control of ext sphincter (S2-S4)

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Sympathetic inn of bladder involves

closes bladder sphincter - constriction of muscles (T10-L2)

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Parasympathetic of bladder includes

relaxation of muscles - vesical plexus (S2-S4)

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What is the ACRONYM for retroperitoneal structures?

SAD PUCKER

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What does SAD PUCKER stand for

Supradrenal, Aorta, Duodenum, pancreas, ureters, ascend/desc colon, Kidneys, Oesphagus, Rectum

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Superior duodenum is what

peritoneal - the rest of them are retro

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Jejunum has a high Vasa recta

and low AR

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Ileum has ___ VR and ___ AR

low VR and high AR

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Does Jejunum have higher AR than ileium

It has lower

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What does the portal triad consist of

bile duct, hepatic artery, portal vein

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What are the 2 functions of the pancreas?

Endocrine = glucagon & insulin -islet of langerhands

Exocrine = enzymes in pancreatic juice

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Atria has what type of muscle

pectinate (thinner than ventricular)

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What is trabeculae carnae

irregular muscle of ventricle wall

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Aortic valve has

3 cusps

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Phrenic nerve supplies nerves to

diaphragm and pericardium

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Transpyloric is on the __. Subconstal is on _- and intertubecular is on __

L, L3, L5

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Pyloric sphincter is

smooth muscle

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Midgut derivatives consist of

R 2/3 transverse, acs, app, caecum, ileum, jejunum, 1/2 inf duo

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Hindut derivaties consist of

L 1/3 trans, desc, sig, rectum

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Foregut derivatives consist of

stomach, pancreas, gallbladder, sup duo, oesphagus, pharynx, spleen, liver

Pudenal nerve contracts

bulbospongiosus

Where is the calcarine sulcus located at

the back of the brain below the occipital

Where is the lingual gyrus located

under the calcarine sulcus - near the back - sagittal plane section

For the pharynx muscles, which nerves innervate which: Salpingo Stylo Palato

Salpingo & palato = vagus Stylo = glosso

Nasopharynx is innervated by

trigeminal

Oropharnynx is innervated by

glossopharyngeal

Larynx is innervated by

Vagus

Gustatory cortex is located in

the insula

What innervates the parotid gland

glosso

What are the diff divisions of thalamus?

Ant - limbic emotions Med - mood, emotions Lat - specific thalamic nuclei - pain

What do the meninges split into?

Dura Arachnoid (non-vascular) Pia

Superior salivatory nucleus is innervated by

facial nerve

Lumbar is

sympathetic

Sacral is

parasympathetic

T8, T10, T12

IVC, oesophagus, aorta/thoracic/azygous

Great vessels contain

aorta, brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian, SVC

What are the 4 regions of mediastinum?

Sup - great vessels, ant - thymus, post -oesphagus, azygous, ganglia, mid - heart

Lentiform

Corpus striatum

PC GP

Striatum

Output

GP internal and SNR

Intrinsic

GP ext, SNC, subthalamic

Indirect pathway is what

GP external and subthalamic

Input

Spinocerebellum

posture and movement

Cerebrocerebellum

planning of movement

Vestibulocerebellum

maintain balance and eye control

MIDDLE CEREBELLUM IS

DESCENDING

INF CB IS

ASCENDING

SUP CB IS

GOING TO THE CORTEX

Midbrain 1

SOCC - sup colli; oculo; CA; CP

Midbrain 2

MS TIC - medial lem; SN; Trochlear; Inf colli; CP

Pons

CB fibres and Inf collic

Open Medulla

PM SHIVD - pyramids, med lem; solitary, hypo,inf olivary, vestibulo, dorsal vagus mot

Closed Medulla

Pyramidal decussation (corticospinal/spinothalamic) Cuneatus & gracilis

What are the 3 ascending paths?

Dorsal Spinocerebellar Spinothalamic

What does the dorsal do

proprioception, fine touch, pressure and vibration

Where does spinocerebellar decussate?

D = no cross over T1-L2 V = cross twice - Cb and SC (T12-L5

Spinothalamic does what?

Lat = pain, temp Ven = crude touch, pressure

Palato is the

vagus nerve

What are the descending pathways?

Rubro (wrist); vestibulo (balance & post); reticulo (tone & posture); tecto (visual & audi) and corticospinal

What are the regions that the facial nerve innervates?

Facial expression, lacrimal glands soft palate,nasopharynx, tongue 2/3 anterior

What is nociception?

detection of tissue damage that results in the perception of pain

Dorsal spinocerebellar goes through

the Clarke's nucleus - and enter via inf peduncle (same as cunocerebellar)

Hypoglossal goes thru what hole

hypoglossal canal - I: longitudinal, trans, vert - E: genio, hyo, stylo

Glossopharyngeal goes thru and innervates

jugular - stylopharyngeus -parotid gland palatine and pharynx muscles

Vagus does thru

jugular - muscles of pharynx (exc stylophary) soft palate muscle (tensor vali palatini - V3)

Vestibulocochlear goes thru

internal aud meatus - utricle( horiz) and saccule -vertical

Pampiniform is located in the

spermatic cord

Testicular/Ovarian arteries arise from

abdominal aorta

Internal iliac artery is supplied to

uterus

How many holes in the left lung

1 artery hole

White matter is

axon fibres

Grey Matter is

cell bodies

Stylopharyngeus

glosso

Cervical enlargement occurs at

C4-T1

Lumbar enlargement occurs at

T11-S1

Skelemotor is

Putamen and GP internal

Oculomotor is

Caudate and Gp internal

Prefrontal is

caudate and the Gp internal

Limbic

cingulate and ventral striatum

Anterior spinothalamic is

crude touch and pressure

Cauda equina refers to

tail of the SC

Infrahyoid neck muscles include

sterno, omo, thyrohoid, sternothyroid

Suprahyoid neck muscles include

diag ant, diag post, stylo, mylo, genio

Anterior corticospinal

decussate at SC - trunk

Lateral corticospinal ends

at the medulla - limbs

Corticobulbar tract inner

tongue muscl - LMN (hypo nucl)

Features of the UMN

Lies within CNS, use interneurons, excitation of LMN

LMN project

into PNS - muscle contraction

What pathway is the lateral one

Rubrospinal

Corticospinal decussate at

medullary pyramids (medulla)

What innervates the parotid gland

Glossopharyngeal

Stylohyoid is innervated by

facial

What is the blood for the pancreas tail

Splenic

Where is renal vein in comparison to renal artery

Anterior to artery

Internal capsule projects between

Lentiform and thalamus

Facial

Stylohyoid, diagastric lactimal and lingual and submandibular

Glossophaeryngeal

Parotid and stylo