Liver & Gallbladder Wk10

Question 1

Largest organ in the body is

Answer 1

the liver

Question 2

Functions of the liver

Answer 2

• metabolism of carbs, proteins, fats
• bile production
• detoxification of drugs + phagocytosis
• storage of vitamins, ferritin, glycogen

Question 3

Regions that the liver is in

Answer 3

Right hypochondrium, Left hypochondrium, epigastric
right corner and 2 sides centre and down

Question 4

Liver will grow within

Answer 4

peritoneum - ventral mesentery (ant. to stomach)

Question 5

What ligament is located in inferior of the Liver

Answer 5

round ligament/ligamentum teres - remnant of umbilical vein

Question 6

Falciform ligament is located

Answer 6

in the centre of the liver

Question 7

On the visceral surface, we can see our 2 additional lobes which are ___

Answer 7

the caudate and quadrate

Question 7

Coronary ligament R &L

Answer 7

attaches to diaphragm

Question 8

Bare area is where

Answer 8

the liver contacts with the diaphragm

Question 9

What are the visceral components on the liver?

Answer 9

Gastric impression:Stomach, duodenum
Renal impression: R kidney and R suprarenal gland
Colic impression: R transverse colon, R colic flexure
Gallbladder fossa
Porta hepatis

Question 10

Falciform ligament

Answer 10

– ventral attachment to anterior
abdominal wall

Question 11

Lesser omentum

Answer 11

– b/w liver and stomach

Question 12

Hepatogastric ligament:

Answer 12

Lesser curvature of stomach – liver

Question 12

Explain the contents and role of porta hepatis

Question 13

Hepatoduodenal ligament:

Answer 13

Encloses portal triad

Question 13

What does the portal triad consist of?

Answer 13

• Hepatic artery proper - celiac trunk
• Portal vein
• Bile duct

Question 14

Portal vein delivers __

Answer 14

deoxygenated blood from our superior mesenteric vein, inferior mesentery vein and our splenic vein

Question 15

What are the landmarks of the lobule?

Answer 15

• Central vein
• Interlobular portal triad (at each corner of the hexagon)
• hepatic artery
• portal vein
• bile duct
• Sinusoids
• Hepatocytes
• Bile caniculi

Question 15

What is the functional unit for liver?

Answer 15

Lobule - it is hexagonal and has a Central vein

Question 15

Liver cells are the

Answer 15

hepatocytes

Question 15

Exchange in the nutrients occurs in the sinusoids

Answer 15

from the periphery to the central vein and to interlobular veins and then into hepatic vein

Question 16

How does the portal vein connect ot the hepatic vein?

Answer 16

The portal vein brings blood rich in nutrients and antigens from the gastrointestinal system. Both sources of blood mix in the sinusoids. Once mixed the blood is pushed into the hepatic vein

Question 19

Blood supply to liver arises from

Answer 19

celiac trunk (common hepatic artery)

Question 20

Veins -

Answer 20

sup & inf mesenteric vein & splenic --> portal vein --> lobules --> central veins --> interlobular --> hepatic (deoxgyenated and nutrient ppor blood to IVC)

Question 21

3 major hepatic veins are

Answer 21

right, left and middle (intramediate) hepatic

Question 22

What are the sites of anastomoses?

Answer 22

Sites of anastomoses * Inferior oesophagus * Inferior rectum * Paraumbilical * Bare area – liver * GIT + body wall just in case there is blockage in portal vein

Question 23

Bile is made in our

Answer 23

liver and it has absorption of fat in small intestine and is a route for excretion of cholesterol if it becomes too concentrated, we can get gallstones

Question 24

Describe the organisation of bile production:

Answer 24

* Bile caniliculi represent beginning of duct system for bile * Bile is composed of bile salts, and acids, cholesterol, and bilrubin (from RBCs) * Bile emulsifies fats – this aids the action of pancreatic lipase * Bile production regulated by neural and hormonal factors (secretin)

Question 25

State the location of the gallbladder and structures that lie in close proximity

Answer 25

Sits in the Gallbladder fossa of liver and connects to common bile duct to the duodenum Components of it - cystic duct, neck, infundibulum, body, fundus

Question 26

Describe the ducts of the gallbladder

Answer 26

R & L hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, common bile duct, main pancreatic duct, and then into descending duodenum at major duodenal papilla * storage site for bile salts (concentrates them)

Question 27

Which artery provides blood to the gallbladder?

Answer 27

Cystic artery

Question 28

Major duodenal papilla is

Answer 28

ampulla of Vater or sphincter of Odi - parasymp. controlling sphinter muscle - releases bile and pancreatic juices into duodenum)