Mistakes

Question 1

Which of the following is the brainstem nuclei for taste sensation?
Trigeminal nucleus
Nucleus of solitary tract
Hypoglossal nucleus
Nucleus ambiguus

Answer 1

Nucleus of solitary tract

Question 2

Which statement is correct regarding photoreceptors?

Answer 2

Rod photoreceptors contain only a single opsin

Question 3

What are the visual projections to hypothalamus important for?

Answer 3

There are visual projections to the hypothalamus for circadian rhythms

Question 4

In which region of the brain is the emotional content of pain associated?

Answer 4

Cingulate cortex

Question 5

Proprioceptors monitor

Answer 5

the muscles and joints

Question 6

Which statement is correct regarding the auditory system?
a) The sensory epithelium of the auditory system is referred to as the organ of Corti
b) Stereocilia of auditory hair cells are embedded within the basilar membrane

Answer 6

a) The sensory epithelium of the auditory system is referred to as the organ of Corti

Question 7

Scala media contains

Answer 7

endolymph

Question 8

What serves as the medial boundary of the external ear?

Answer 8

The tympanic membrane is the medial boundary of the external ear

Question 9

Where is the gustatory cortex found?

Answer 9

On the side

Question 10

Olfactory receptors have cilia that

Answer 10

project into the olfactory mucosa

Question 11

Where does sensory information ascending up the dorsal column decussate?

Answer 11

Sensory information ascending in the dorsal column decussates in the medulla oblongata

Question 12

What structures are found in the posterior cranial fossa?

Answer 12

jugular foramen, foramen magnum, internal acoustic meatus, hypoglossal canal

Question 13

What structures are found in the anterior cranial fossa?

Answer 13

Cribriform plate, and foramen caecum

Question 14

What structures are in the middle cranial fossa?

Answer 14

foramen rotundum, ovale, spinosum, superior orbital fissure, carotid canal

Question 15

Spinocerebellum

Answer 15

Vermis and intermediate

Question 16

cerebrocerebellum

Answer 16

Lateral

Question 17

vestibulocerebellum

Answer 17

Flocculonodular

Question 18

Descending tract comes from where in the cerebellum

Answer 18

Middle cerebellum

Question 19

Ascending tract comes from the

Answer 19

inferior tract of the cerebellum

Question 20

Where does the superior cerebellar peduncles go

Answer 20

To the cortex via the thalamus

Question 21

What is the external ear consist of?

Answer 21

External acoustic canal and tympanic membrane

Question 22

What does the middle ear consist of

Answer 22

auditory ossciles, oval and round window and eustachian tube

Question 23

What does the inner ear consist of

Answer 23

cochlear, semicircular canals, petrous bone, facial and vestibulocochlear nerves

Question 24

Scala vestibuli and tympani consist of

Answer 24

perilymph

Question 25

Trigeminal mandibular branch exists

Answer 25

the skull through foramen ovale

Question 26

All muscles of masticaiton are innervated by

Answer 26

mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

Question 27

Origin and insertion of the masseter

Answer 27

Zygomatic arch to larteral ramus of mandible

Question 28

Origin and insertion of temporalis

Answer 28

temporal fossa and coronoid process of mandible

Question 29

Parotid gland is innervated by

Answer 29

glossopharyngeal nerve - facial does not innervate it

Question 30

Submandibular

Answer 30

parasympathetic - facial

Question 31

Sublingual gland is innervated by

Answer 31

facial and parasympathetic

Question 32

For tongue innervation, what nerves are in charge for special sensation and for motor?

Answer 32

Motor = facial (and vagus (exception - palatoglossus) Special Sensation = facial (chorda tympani) and glossopharyngeal General - trigeminal V3

Question 33

Intrinsic muscles of tongue are innervated by

Answer 33

hypoglossal

Question 34

Describe the muscle fibre actions

Answer 34

Longitudinal - shorten/curl Transverse - lengthen tongue Vertical - flatten or widen

Question 35

Extrinsic muscles consist of

Answer 35

Hyoglossus , Genioglossus, Styloglossus, Palatoglossus

Question 36

For the suprahyoid muscles in the mouth, what is the middle of the sling?

Answer 36

Geniohyoid and around it is the mylohyoid

Question 37

What nerves innervate the nasal cavity?

Answer 37

Special - olfactory (ethmoid) General - trigeminal Parasympathetic - facial

Question 38

What is the choncha and the meatus in the nose?

Answer 38

Concha is the wall (c-shaped) and the meatus is the air

Question 39

What nerve innervates the pharynx?

Answer 39

Vagus nerve

Question 40

What are the 3 longitudinal muscles and their nerves?

Answer 40

1. Salpingopharyngeus (vagus) (elevation) 2. Palatopharyngeus (vagus) (elevation and closure of isthmus) 3. Stylopharyngeus (glossopharyngeal) (elevation)

Question 41

What are the 2 areas of food blockage?

Answer 41

Valleculae and piriform recess

Question 42

What is the blood supply for the pharynx?

Answer 42

Lower = inf laryngeal art Upper = facial, maxillary, ascending pharyngeal art branches of ext carotid

Question 43

What is the veins for the pharynx?

Answer 43

Pharyngral venous plexus drains to internal jugular vein

Question 44

What are the muscles of the pharynx innervated by?

Answer 44

Vagus nerve except for stylopharyngeus - glosso

Question 45

Sensory innervation of pharynx

Answer 45

Naso = trigeminal V2 oro= glosso laryngopharynx - vagus

Question 46

Name the 4 suprahyoid muscles

Answer 46

Diagastic stylohyoid mylohyoid geniohyoid genio, mylo, diag, stylo

Question 47

Name the 4 infrahyoid muscles

Answer 47

sternohyoid, omohyoid, thyrohyoid, steronthyroid stero 2, omo, thyro

Question 48

What is found in the carotid sheath?

Answer 48

Common carotid, internal carotid, internal jugular, vagus nerve

Question 49

What are the arteries to the external carotid?

Answer 49

Sup thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occpital, post auricular, maxillary and sup temporal

Question 50

What are the muscles in the posterior neck?

Answer 50

omohyoid, splenus capitus, levator scapulae, scalenes, ext jugular vein and accessory

Question 51

What are the 4 parietal pleural regions?

Answer 51

Costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, cervical

Question 52

What are the 2 pleural linings?

Answer 52

Visceral pleura = lungs Parietal pleura = thorax

Question 53

On the left lung we have

Answer 53

2 lobes - sup and inf 1 fissure - oblique

Question 54

On the right lung, we have

Answer 54

3 lobes - sup, middle, inf 2 fissures - horiz and obliq

Question 55

What innervates the lungs

Answer 55

Phrenic and intercostal nerves - Sensory = vagus

Question 56

Foregut

Answer 56

celiac trunk

Question 57

Foregut

Answer 57

pharynx, oesphagus, stomach, sup duodenum, liver, pancreas

Question 58

Midgut

Answer 58

superior mesenteric art

Question 59

Midgut structures include

Answer 59

inf duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon

Question 60

Hingut

Answer 60

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 61

What are the structures in the hindgut?

Answer 61

1/3 transverse colon, desc colon, sigmoid, rectum

Question 62

celiac sphanic nerves at

Answer 62

T5-T11

Question 63

Superior mesenteric

Answer 63

T10-T11

Question 63

Inferior mesenteric

Answer 63

T12-L2

Question 64

Which arteries provide blood to pelvic structures

Answer 64

Internal iliac artery - uterine

Question 65

What is the innervation of the pelvis?

Answer 65

Pudenal nerve

Question 66

What is the smooth muscle in the bladder?

Answer 66

Detrusor muscle