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anatomy > Mistakes > Flashcards

Mistakes Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is the brainstem nuclei for taste sensation?
Trigeminal nucleus
Nucleus of solitary tract
Hypoglossal nucleus
Nucleus ambiguus

A

Nucleus of solitary tract

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2
Q

Which statement is correct regarding photoreceptors?

A

Rod photoreceptors contain only a single opsin

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3
Q

What are the visual projections to hypothalamus important for?

A

There are visual projections to the hypothalamus for circadian rhythms

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4
Q

In which region of the brain is the emotional content of pain associated?

A

Cingulate cortex

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5
Q

Proprioceptors monitor

A

the muscles and joints

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6
Q

Which statement is correct regarding the auditory system?
a) The sensory epithelium of the auditory system is referred to as the organ of Corti
b) Stereocilia of auditory hair cells are embedded within the basilar membrane

A

a) The sensory epithelium of the auditory system is referred to as the organ of Corti

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7
Q

Scala media contains

A

endolymph

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8
Q

What serves as the medial boundary of the external ear?

A

The tympanic membrane is the medial boundary of the external ear

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9
Q

Where is the gustatory cortex found?

A

On the side

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10
Q

Olfactory receptors have cilia that

A

project into the olfactory mucosa

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11
Q

Where does sensory information ascending up the dorsal column decussate?

A

Sensory information ascending in the dorsal column decussates in the medulla oblongata

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12
Q

What structures are found in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

jugular foramen, foramen magnum, internal acoustic meatus, hypoglossal canal

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13
Q

What structures are found in the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Cribriform plate, and foramen caecum

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14
Q

What structures are in the middle cranial fossa?

A

foramen rotundum, ovale, spinosum, superior orbital fissure, carotid canal

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15
Q

Spinocerebellum

A

Vermis and intermediate

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16
Q

cerebrocerebellum

A

Lateral

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17
Q

vestibulocerebellum

A

Flocculonodular

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18
Q

Descending tract comes from where in the cerebellum

A

Middle cerebellum

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19
Q

Ascending tract comes from the

A

inferior tract of the cerebellum

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20
Q

Where does the superior cerebellar peduncles go

A

To the cortex via the thalamus

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21
Q

What is the external ear consist of?

A

External acoustic canal and tympanic membrane

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22
Q

What does the middle ear consist of

A

auditory ossciles, oval and round window and eustachian tube

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23
Q

What does the inner ear consist of

A

cochlear, semicircular canals, petrous bone, facial and vestibulocochlear nerves

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24
Q

Scala vestibuli and tympani consist of

A

perilymph

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25
Q

Trigeminal mandibular branch exists

A

the skull through foramen ovale

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26
Q

All muscles of masticaiton are innervated by

A

mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

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27
Q

Origin and insertion of the masseter

A

Zygomatic arch to larteral ramus of mandible

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28
Q

Origin and insertion of temporalis

A

temporal fossa and coronoid process of mandible

29
Q

Parotid gland is innervated by

A

glossopharyngeal nerve - facial does not innervate it

30
Q

Submandibular

A

parasympathetic - facial

31
Q

Sublingual gland is innervated by

A

facial and parasympathetic

32
Q

For tongue innervation, what nerves are in charge for special sensation and for motor?

A

Motor = facial (and vagus (exception - palatoglossus)

Special Sensation = facial (chorda tympani) and glossopharyngeal

General - trigeminal V3

33
Q

Intrinsic muscles of tongue are innervated by

A

hypoglossal

34
Q

Describe the muscle fibre actions

A

Longitudinal - shorten/curl
Transverse - lengthen tongue
Vertical - flatten or widen

35
Q

Extrinsic muscles consist of

A

Hyoglossus , Genioglossus, Styloglossus, Palatoglossus

36
Q

For the suprahyoid muscles in the mouth, what is the middle of the sling?

A

Geniohyoid and around it is the mylohyoid

37
Q

What nerves innervate the nasal cavity?

A

Special - olfactory (ethmoid)
General - trigeminal
Parasympathetic - facial

38
Q

What is the choncha and the meatus in the nose?

A

Concha is the wall (c-shaped) and the meatus is the air

39
Q

What nerve innervates the pharynx?

A

Vagus nerve

40
Q

What are the 3 longitudinal muscles and their nerves?

A
  1. Salpingopharyngeus (vagus) (elevation)
  2. Palatopharyngeus (vagus)
    (elevation and closure of isthmus)
  3. Stylopharyngeus (glossopharyngeal) (elevation)
41
Q

What are the 2 areas of food blockage?

A

Valleculae and piriform recess

42
Q

What is the blood supply for the pharynx?

A

Lower = inf laryngeal art
Upper = facial, maxillary, ascending pharyngeal art
branches of ext carotid

43
Q

What is the veins for the pharynx?

A

Pharyngral venous plexus drains to internal jugular vein

44
Q

What are the muscles of the pharynx innervated by?

A

Vagus nerve except for stylopharyngeus - glosso

45
Q

Sensory innervation of pharynx

A

Naso = trigeminal V2
oro= glosso
laryngopharynx - vagus

46
Q

Name the 4 suprahyoid muscles

A

Diagastic
stylohyoid
mylohyoid
geniohyoid

genio, mylo, diag, stylo

47
Q

Name the 4 infrahyoid muscles

A

sternohyoid, omohyoid, thyrohyoid, steronthyroid

stero 2, omo, thyro

48
Q

What is found in the carotid sheath?

A

Common carotid, internal carotid, internal jugular, vagus nerve

49
Q

What are the arteries to the external carotid?

A

Sup thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occpital, post auricular, maxillary and sup temporal

50
Q

What are the muscles in the posterior neck?

A

omohyoid, splenus capitus, levator scapulae, scalenes, ext jugular vein and accessory

51
Q

What are the 4 parietal pleural regions?

A

Costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, cervical

52
Q

What are the 2 pleural linings?

A

Visceral pleura = lungs
Parietal pleura = thorax

53
Q

On the left lung we have

A

2 lobes - sup and inf
1 fissure - oblique

54
Q

On the right lung, we have

A

3 lobes - sup, middle, inf
2 fissures - horiz and obliq

55
Q

What innervates the lungs

A

Phrenic and intercostal nerves
- Sensory = vagus

56
Q

Foregut

A

celiac trunk

57
Q

Foregut

A

pharynx, oesphagus, stomach, sup duodenum, liver, pancreas

58
Q

Midgut

A

superior mesenteric art

59
Q

Midgut structures include

A

inf duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon

60
Q

Hingut

A

inferior mesenteric artery

61
Q

What are the structures in the hindgut?

A

1/3 transverse colon, desc colon, sigmoid, rectum

62
Q

celiac sphanic nerves at

A

T5-T11

63
Q

Superior mesenteric

A

T10-T11

63
Q

Inferior mesenteric

A

T12-L2

64
Q

Which arteries provide blood to pelvic structures

A

Internal iliac artery - uterine

65
Q

What is the innervation of the pelvis?

A

Pudenal nerve

66
Q

What is the smooth muscle in the bladder?

A

Detrusor muscle

67
Q
A

anatomy (50 decks)

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