Heart Flashcards
What are the main landmarks of the thorax
MCL, jugular notch, sternal angle,
What is the superior position of the heart?
Sternal angle - T4-T5
What are the structures in the mediastinum
heart, great vessels, oesphagus, azygous systems, thymus
Divisions of mediastinum include
Superior (great vessels); middle (heart); anterior (thymus); posterior (oesophagus, sympathetic chain, azygous systems of veins)
What are the vertebral levels for the location of the heart?
T5 to T8
What vessels are in superior medias.?
Aorta, brachiocephalic art., left common carotid atery, left subclavian art., superior vena cava
Anterior mediastinum has
thymus (production of T lymphocytes), and internal thoracic/mammary arteries
The azygous system transports blood from
posterior wall of abdo & thorax, and it will drain to sup. vena cava. This rout ebypasses the inferior vena cava
Where can the azygous vein be found
on the right hand side
On the left hand side, we have
the accessory hemiazygous and the hemiazgous vein, which both drain into azgous, returning deoxyganted blood to superior vena cava
Why is Azygous important?
Mechanism for deoxgy. blood to return to heart from lower parts of body
Thoracic duct is
the largest lymphatic drainage in the body, extending from L1-L2 and starts off as cisterna chyli that passes into thorax and drain into duct - post. mediastnum (on the left) and drains back into junction point of internal jugular vein & subclavian vein
Sympathetic chain ganglia
forms the origin of these plexuses throughout thoracic & abdo cavities - network of symp. & parasym. nerves
What is the shape of the heart and how many chambers?
Heart is cone shaped and has 4 chambers. It receivesdeoxygrnated blood into lungs and then oxygenated blood is returned into left atria to venticle to pump throughout the body
The phrenic nerve is essential for
diaphragm and outlines the heart
The heart cannot expand
as the pericardial sac cannot stretch
Diaphragm
- Composed muscular belly & central tendon- Pericardium is attached to
8, 10, 12 rule = vena cava, oesophagus, arotic hiatus and phrenic nerves
Mechanism of the heart
1) Right atrium receives deoxygenated blood
2) Aortic arch carries oxygenated blood to body
3) Pulmonary carries deoxygenated to lungs
Left atrium
receives blood from lungs that is now oxygenated and comes in via pulmonary veins
