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anatomy > Proprioception, touch, pain & temperature Wk6 > Flashcards

Proprioception, touch, pain & temperature Wk6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 tyoes of receptors?

A

general and specialised

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2
Q

Where are special senses located in?

A

Head - vision, hearing, balance, olfactory, taste

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3
Q

Where are general senses found?

A

Located in the body - activated by touch, temperature, pain, movement

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4
Q

Classification of general senses include

A

exteroceptors proprioceptors and interoceptors

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5
Q

Exteroceptors

A

Exteroceptors - in skin (‘cutaneous’)
* provide information on outside world
* touch, pressure, vibration,
temperature, pain

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6
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Found in muscles, tendons, joints, &
sub-cutaneous tissues
* provide information about musculoskeletal,
subcutaneous systems
* position & movement (‘kinaesthesis’),
deep pressure, dull aching pain

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7
Q

Interoceptors are found in? and what do they do?

A

Interoceptors - in internal organs (‘visceral’)
* homeostasis, organ function, respiration,
etc.
* provide information about the internal
bodily organs

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8
Q

Peripheral sensory receptors detect

A

detect touch, pressure and vibration

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9
Q

What are the periphearal receptors located in the skin?

A

Merkel’s discs, meissner’s corpuscle, pacinian corpuscle, ruffini’ endings, krause’s endbulbs, free nerve endings

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10
Q

Why is proprioception important?

A

Determines the position of your body in space - subconscious control

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of intrafusal muscle fibres in muscle spindles?

A
  1. Muscle length,
  2. Rate of change of length
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12
Q

Remember that motoneurons activate

A

muscles once they are excited

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13
Q

What are the 2 types of skeletal muscle?

A

Alpha motor neurons –
extrafusal muscles

Gamma motor neurons –
intrafusal muscles

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14
Q

Describe how muscle spindle works in contraction

A
  1. Muscle spindle are activated by struch, assoc sensory neurons transmit aferent impusles to SC.
  2. Sensory neurons synapse directly with aplha motor neurons - excite extrafusal fibres of stretched muscle.
  3. Then efferent impulses cause mus to contract reducing it
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15
Q

Golgi Tendon Organ

A

Localised at junction b/w muscle and tendon
* Made up of Interwoven collagen bundles surrounded by
thin capsule
* Large fibres enter capsule
surround collagen fibres as enlarged endings
* Tension along capsule – squeezes and
activates endings

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16
Q

Why is golgi tendon organ important?

A

When people lift weights, the golgi tendon organ is the sense organ that tells how much tension the muscle is exerting.

17
Q

What does the Low Threshold Mechanoreceptors consist of?

A

Ruffini’s endings and Pacinian corpuslces

18
Q

What pathway is touch, vibration, fine pressure, and proprioception conveyed?

A

By forsal column/medial lemniscal pathway

19
Q

Gracile nucleus

A

Lower limbs and torso

20
Q

Cuneate nucleus

A

Upper limbs and torso

21
Q

Trigeminal nucleus

A

face

22
Q

What are the ascending pathways??

A

spinocerebellar and dorsal column pathway

23
Q

Dorsal (Posterior) Spinocerebellar Tract

A

Origin: Clarke’s nucleus (T1-L2/3)
Enters Cb via inferior peduncle
Conveys info from trunk & lower extremity

24
Q

Ventral (Anterior) Spinocerebellar Tract

A

Origin: Spinal border cells (T12-L5)
Crosses: In SC at level of entry and again in Cb
Enters Cb via superior peduncle
Conveys info from trunk & lower extremity

25
Q

Cuneocerebellar Tract

A

Origin: Lateral cuneate nucleus
Enters Cb via inferior peduncle
Conveys info from trunk & upper extremity

26
Q

What is nociception?

A

Nociception: the detection of tissue damage
that may ultimately result in the perception of
pain.

27
Q

What are the main components of pain?

A

Perception: implies higher brain function
Nociception: driven by tissue damage -
generates signals that travel into the CNS and
up the neuroaxis

28
Q

Superficial pain

A

arises from the skin, subcutaneous tissues and mucous membranes - pricking, throbbing and burning

29
Q

Deep somatic pain

A

‣Arises from muscles, tendons, joints, or bones.
‣Less well localized than superficial pain.
‣Dull aching/cramping quality.

30
Q

Visceral Pain

A

‣Arises from a disease process or abnormal function of
an internal organ.
‣Poorly localized.
‣Dull aching/cramping quality

31
Q

What are the 3 types of nocioceptors?

A

Mechanical (sensitive channels) , thermal, chemical (exc./inhib)

32
Q

What are the 2 fibres of nocioceptors?

A

Myelinated A fibre = respond to intense mechan/mechanothermal stimuli (short)
Non myelinated C fibre = (long) respond to thermal, mechanical, and chemical

33
Q

How do we perceive visceral pain?

A

Visceral sensory afferent
converge onto DH neuron
that also receives somatic afferent innervation
Synapse onto spinothalamic neuron – transmit pain signal to brain

anatomy (50 decks)

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