Abdomen wk10 - GIT

Question 1

Celiac disease

Answer 1

is where a person is sensitive to gluten (wheat products) - flattened villi & loss of folds

Question 2

Celiac disease can be confirmed through

Answer 2

a gastroscopy

Question 3

Bowel cancer is checked with

Answer 3

a colonscopy

Question 4

Pylorus

Answer 4

part of the stomach that connects to the duodenum. The pylorus is a valve that opens and closes during digestion.

Question 5

What are the peritoneal and retroperitioneal positions of duodenum?

Answer 5

Superior - peritoneal
Descending - retroperitoneal
Horizontal – retroperitoneal
Ascending – retroperitoneal

Question 6

Position of duodenum to vertebral column

Answer 6

L1(level of transpyloric plane) -L3

Question 7

Descending portion of duodenum has openings (ducts)

Answer 7

include the pancreas (enzymatic juices) and liver/gallbladder (bile)

Question 8

Major duodenal papilla

Answer 8

site of pancreatic juices - landmark

Question 9

What is retroperitoneal?

Answer 9

descending, horizontal and ascending

Question 10

What is the periotoneal duodenum?

Answer 10

superior

Question 11

Jejunum and ilium both receive their blood supply from

Answer 11

superior mesentric artery

Question 12

Jejunum has very

Answer 12

long vasa recta and arterial arcades are short

Question 13

Ileum has

Answer 13

shorter vasa recta and longer arcades

Question 14

Proximal jejunum has (muscosa)

Answer 14

highly folded plicae + lots of folds + Increase SA and increase in absorption

Question 15

Proximal ileium has

Answer 15

reduced number of circular - less densely packed

Question 16

Terminal ilieum has less

Answer 16

absorption of nutrients at this level

Question 17

Small intestine connects to large intestine via

Answer 17

ileocaecal valve/junction

Question 18

Role of the Colon

Answer 18

role in absorbing vitamin K and in the waste - compacting the faeces

Question 19

What are the blind pouch areas?

Answer 19

The caecum is the proximal blind pouch of the ascending colon, lying at the level of the ileocecal junction. The terminal ileum opens into the cecum on the medial wall, and the ileocecal valve guards this opening. The appendix is a thin cylindrical organ with a blind attachment to the cecum.

Question 20

What is the connection from ileum and caecum

Answer 20

ileocaecal valve/junction

Question 21

Haustra in large intestine is

Answer 21

pouches/circular bunches

Question 22

Taeniae coli

Answer 22

longitundinal smooth muscle that is shorter than the intestine

Question 23

Describe the blood supply and venous drainage of the
small and large intestine

Question 24

Descending aorta goes to

Answer 24

midgut, foregut and hindgut

Question 25

Midgut has the

Answer 25

superior mesenteric atery

Question 26

Hindgut has what artery?

Answer 26

inferior mesentric atery

Question 27

Celiac trunk (from aorta) gives blood supply to

Answer 27

stomach, liver, spleen, gall bladder (foregut)

Question 28

Superior mesentric:

Answer 28

distal duodenum to middle of Transverse colon (2/3 right) (midgut)

Question 29

Inferior mesenteric artery

Answer 29

other half of transverse colon to rectum (hindgut)

Question 30

Marginal artery is

Answer 30

ensures continuous flow of blood

Question 31

Venous drainage of GIT

Answer 31

All veins from gut drain into portal vein - delievers nutrients to liver - portal vein primarily superior (midgut) and inferior mesenteric (hindgut) veins

Question 32

Sympathetic innervation of GIT - overall decreases activity of GIT

Answer 32

* decreases motility and absorption * decreases contraction of the circular and longitudinal muscle fibers; contraction of sphincter muscles (mmt of food) * decreased glandular secretions

Question 33

Splanchnic nerves synapse at 3 ganglia:

Answer 33

celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric

Question 34

Celiac: Foregut innerv.

Answer 34

* T5 - T11

Question 35

Superior mesenteric: midgut

Answer 35

* T10 – T11 - Duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ascending & transverse colon

Question 36

* Inferior mesenteric:

Answer 36

* T12 – L2 - Descending, sigmoid, transverse colon

Question 37

GIT parasympathetic system

Answer 37

Cranial and sacral outflow

Question 38

Effects of parasympathetic innveration

Answer 38

* increases motility and absorption * Increases contraction and relaxation (peristalsis) of longitudinal and circular muscle fibers * relaxation of sphincter muscles * increased glandular secretions

Question 39

Parasymp innervation originates primarily

Answer 39

from vagus nerve

Question 40

In the middle medulla, we have the

Answer 40

dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (glandular secretion + motor responses in GIT)

Question 41

Sacral preganglionic neurons travel through

Answer 41

Lateral horn (travel as splanchnic n.) Innervates through plexuses in Lower third intestine & Rectum

Question 42

Pelvic splanchic

Answer 42

are parasympathetic

Question 43

Lumbar splanic are

Answer 43

sympathetic

Question 44

Muscle layers of GIT

Answer 44

outer longitudinal, circular, submucoas, muscosa - plexus are where the nerves project into

Question 45

Myenteric plexus is

Answer 45

between longitudinal and circular muscle

Question 46

Submucosal/Meissner's is

Answer 46

only found in small & large intest. = secretory actions

Question 46

Submucosal plexus is

Answer 46

between circular and mucosa

Question 47

Myenteric (Auerbach) is outer layer and is

Answer 47

present from oesophagus to rectum - motor aspects of gut function

Question 48

Rectum will connect

Answer 48

- continuous with sigmoid colon @ S3 * continuous with anal canal as it penetrates pelvic floor * puborectalis – sling, sphincter action

Question 49

What does the celiac trunk supply?

Answer 49

stomach, liver, spleen, and gall bladder and proximal duodenum

Question 50

What does superior mesenteric artery supply?

Answer 50

Distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ascending colon, right half transverse colon

Question 51

What does inferior mesenteric artery supply?

Answer 51

left half transverse, descending and sigmoid colon

Question 52

Superior mesenteric ganglion innervates the small intestine

Question 53

Inferior mesenteric ganglion innervates

Answer 53

urinary bladder and orgasm, and vaginal contraction