review for exam 1

Question 1

How much pressure is needed to eject blood
- determined via aortic diastolic pressure
- intraventricular pressure must exceed aortic pressure to eject blood

Answer 1

afterload

Question 2

Example
- preload: 100 mL
- everything else stays the same (including afterload)
- what happens to Stroke volume if you give NE

Answer 2

B-1 receptors on heart
- catecholamines increase contractailty

increase in stroke volume

Question 3

Is there any way to increase afterload via drugs?

Answer 3

alpha -1 agonist (vascular smooth muscle)

vasoconstriction
- increase TPR
- increase afterload

Question 4

What happens when you give a-1 to increase afterload via drugs

Answer 4

vasoconstriction
- increase TPR
- increase afterload

Question 5

what is the best index of EDV

Answer 5

preload

Question 6

Is the catenary or mammillary model linear and works well in linear events

Answer 6

Catenary model

Question 7

Is the catenary or mammilly model best appreciates what really going on, bunch of boxes that are interconnected

Answer 7

Mammillary model

Question 8

Does preload, afterload or both apply to both sides of the heart

Answer 8

both sides

Question 9

What is the effect on the pulmonary valve when:
- pulmonary stenosis (shrinking / narrowing of valve)
- smaller diameter of vessel that doesn’t stretch

Answer 9

increase in afterload of pulmonary valve

Question 10

Can we predict what ventricles will look like after years of increased afterload?

Answer 10

Yes!!
- increase size of heart muscles
- chamber volume decreases
- HR increases

Question 11

Using antimuscarinic drugs, does it block PSNS effect?

Answer 11

Yes!!
- aka Atropine
- blocks PSNS effect on HR to be increased (indirectly)

Question 12

How does aortic pressure decrease during isovolumetric phase

Answer 12

blood doesnt leave ventricles prior ventricles contraction leave blood in aorta

• aorta recoils so blood is always moving even during diastole
• ventricles have not recharged aorta so aorta is still recoiling
• pushed blood out via recoil = decrease in pressure

Question 13

What is defined as the constant rate of elimination regardless of concentration

Answer 13

zero order kinetics

Question 14

What is defined as the varying rate of elimination depending on the concentration

Answer 14

first order kinetics

Question 15

What is calculated Vd for 120 mg IV dose of drug achieving a Cmax of 1 mg/L

Answer 15

120 L
- drug you injected does reamin in a single compartment (120 L for a parkeet)

Question 16

Predom cell response produce of PLCB activation (phospolipse - C)

Answer 16

IP3
DAG

Question 17

Atropine is classified as a _____
- Parasympatholytic
- a-2 agonist
- antinicotinic
- parasympathomimetic
- opioid agonist

Answer 17

Parasympatholytic
- muscarinic antagonist

Question 18

Fight or flight, what can you exclude?
- bronchodilation
- positive cardiac chronotropic
- increase hepatic glycogenolysis
- increase threshold of reticular formation

Answer 18

increased threshold of reticular formation
- decrease with SNS activation - easier to activate

Question 19

What is responsible for the decrease in T1/2 of catecholamines

Answer 19

COMT
- catechol-o-methyl-transferase

Question 20

What compound is associated with musarinic receptors rather than adrenergic
- Amlidipine
- Atropine
- Pimobendean

Answer 20

Atropine