Exam 2: Module 4 Formative Quiz

Question 1

What expression is the best index of azotemia?

Answer 1

Increased BUN

Question 2

What is the pre-glomerular vessel?

Answer 2

Afferent arteriole

Question 3

What effect does afferent arteriolar dilation have on glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 3

Increase

Question 4

What expression indicates that there is clinically measurable albumin in a urine sample?

Answer 4

Proteinuria

Question 5

Which component of the renal system is immediately ‘distal’ to the glomerulus and receives the ultrafiltrate?

Answer 5

Bowman’s space

Question 6

Which two physico-chemical properties of the glomerulus represent the components associated with the ‘reflection coefficient’ in Starling’s Fluid Flux equation (Starling’s Forces)?

Answer 6

-Podocyte slits
-Charge-selective barrier

Question 7

Which of the following is not one of the structural components of the glomerulus?

Answer 7

Continuous capillary bed

Question 8

What is renin, where does it come from, and how is it secreted?

Answer 8

Renin = proteolytic enzyme

Comes from: juxtaglomerular apparatus

Secreted: exocytosis

Question 9

What is the most reasonable explanation for a decreased effective circulating volume in a patient with congestive heart failure (CHF)?

Answer 9

The heart is unable to maintain required cardiac output

Question 10

What is the most reasonable explanation for the ‘POTENTIAL for developing hyperkalemia’ when using benazepril?

Answer 10

The reduced aldosterone effect enhances K+ retention

Question 11

Under normal conditions, which is least likely an effect of aldosterone on the distal tubule?

A. Increased K+ excretion
B. Increased H+ excretion
C. Increased Na+ excretion
D. Decreased distal tubular flow
E. Increased Na+ reabsorption

Answer 11

C. Increased Na+ excretion

Question 12

Which option should be excluded from a list describing the mechanism of action of aldosterone?

A. It binds to cell surface receptors to increase Na+ reabsorption
B. It diffuses across cell membranes and binds to cytoplasmic receptors
C. It behaves like a promotor and initiates transcription and translation
D. It activates principal cells in the distal tubule of the nephron
E. It increases the number and density of Na+ channels and Na/K ATPases in the cell membrane of target cells

Answer 12

A. It binds to cell surface receptors to increase Na+ reabsorption

Question 13

One pharmacokinetic feature of benazepril, compared to enalapril, which may make it more commonly utilized in veterinary medicine is:

A. It is an ACE inhibitor
B. It has better oral absorption than enalapril
C. It has an elimination half-life of about 20 hours
D. It is a prodrug as administered
E. It is eliminated by hepatic and renal routes

Answer 13

B. It has better oral absorption than enalapril

Question 14

If normal serum [Na+] for canine patients is 140-150 mEq/L, then what patient would be considered hypernatremic?

Answer 14

A patient with serum [Na+] = 160 mEq/L

Question 15

A shock patient receives a large bolus of isotonic IV fluid, but tissue perfusion does not seem to be improving. Which medicine, if administered, is most likely to improve perfusion without increasing the patient’s effective circulating volume?

Answer 15

Adrenergic receptor agonist

Question 16

The administration of atropine can produce _____ cardiac effects because it is a _______.

Answer 16

positive chronotropic, muscarinic antagonist

Question 17

The administration of fluids parenterally means

Answer 17

The fluids are administered IV

Question 18

What is the most likely cause for the reduction in effective circulating volume after therapy with ACE inhibitors linked to?

Answer 18

Decreased secretion of aldosterone and ADH

Question 19

Which statement about meloxicam is false?

A. It promotes the synthesis of prostaglandins
B. B/c it is highly protein bound in the circulation and has a low Vd, it is not likely lipophilic
C. It is an NSAID
D. Animals with preexisting GI or renal disease may be more likely to experience adverse effects not experienced in WNL animals
E. It is used to decrease “pain” and inflammation
F. It is generally considered COX-1 sparing
G. It inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins

Answer 19

A. It promotes the synthesis of prostaglandins

Question 20

Which statement about furosemide is false?

A. Non-judicious administration can lead to hypokalemia
B. T 1/2 of furosemide can be increased when administered to a patient with renal disease
C. It is a loop diuresis
D. It promotes diuresis
E. It is a corticosteroid

Answer 20

E. It is a corticosteroid

Question 21

Which of the compounds should not be on a list of autocrines/paracrines derived from the renal vascular endothelium?

A. Angiotensin II
B. Thromboxane A2
C. Endothelium derived contraction factor
D. Prostaglandins
E. Nitric oxide
F. EDRF

Answer 21

A. Angiotensin II

Question 22

Alteration of which of the variables in Starling’s Fluid flux equation represents the best index of podocyte effacement?

Answer 22

The reflection coefficient