Restorative Art: Glossary Flashcards
Antemortem injuries resulting from friction of the skin against a firm object resulting in the removal of the epidermis
Abrasions
A localized collection of pus
Abscess
Process of taking in
Absorption
A colored object absorbs certain rays of light, which illuminates it while other rays are reflected
Absorption
Bluntly adjoin another structure
Abut
Dimethyl ketone
Acetone
A colorless liquid which is used to soften and remove scabs, as a solvent for wax, or as a stain remover
Acetone
A color not found in the visible spectrum
Achromatic color
A neutral color such as white, black, gray, and silver and gold (for decorative purposes)
Achromatic color
Those developed throughout your lifetime, as a result of repetitious use of certain muscles
Acquired facial markings
Process of mixing colored lights on a surface whereby the wavelengths of each are combined
Additive method
Adding of two or more colored lights together to create another light
Additive method
Sticking or adhereing closely
Adhesive
A substance that may be applied in order to sustain contact of two surfaces
Adhesive
A colloidal solution dispensed as a mist
Aerosol
Psychological
After-image
Visual impression remaining after the stimulus has been removed
After-image
A kind of pressured atomizer for spraying liquid paint or cosmetic upon a surface
Airbrush
The ridge projecting from the inferior surface of the maxilla (and the superior surface of the mandible) which contains the sockets of the teeth
Alveolar process
Sockets of the teeth protrude
Alveolar prognathism
Cut off a limb
Amputate
Dismember
Amputate
In color, two or more hues which have the same hue in common
Analogous
A descriptive reference for locating arteries and veins by means of anatomical structures which are known
Anatomical guide
The position of the body standing erect, arms to the side of the body, and the palms of the hands turned outward (forward)
Anatomical position
A material or technique employed to secure tissues or restorative materials in a fixed position
Anchor
Angulus
Angle
Sharp turn formed by the meeting of two borders or surfaces
Angle
Angle formed by junction of the posterior edge of the ramus of the mandible and the inferior surfaces of the body of the mandible
Angle of the mandible
The degree from vertical at which the surface(s) of a prominent feature projects
Angle of projection
The small convex prominence lateral to the end of the line of lip closure of the mouth
Angulus oris eminence
The groove at each end of the line of closure of the mouth
Angulus oris sulcus
Before death
Antemortem
Before or in front of
Anterior
Refers to the ventral or abdominal side of the body
Anterior
External nostril openings
Anterior nares
Inner rim of the ear
Antihelix
Small eminence obliquely opposite the tragus, located on the superior border of the lobe of the ear
Antitragus
An opening
Aperture
Watery
Aqueous
Prepared with water as a solvent
Aqueous
The clear, thin alkaline fluid which fills the anterior chamber of the eyeball
Aqueous humor
Curved, as the beak of an eagle
Aquiline
As viewed from the profile, a nasal profile which exhibits a “hook” or convexity in its dorsum
Aquiline
Any structure of a curved or bow-like outline
Arch
Loose, connective tissue that occupies the interspaces of the body
Areolar
Framework
Armature
A material, generally of pliable metal or wood, employed to create a frame of support for a wax restoration
Armature
Drawing out liquids or gases by means of suction
Aspiration
Lack of symmetry or proportion
Asymmetry
Similarity without identity
Asymmetry
The three this muscles in the region of the ear
Atomizer
Sheet-cotton, gauze, or other material used in dressing wounds or wrapping a structure
Bandage
The first applied cream or cosmetic
Base
The vehicle in the cosmetic
Base
Example: oil base
Base
One of the four hues corresponding to the pigment of the skin
Basic pigment
Examples: white, yellow, red, or brown
Basic pigment
A network of stitches employed to cross the borders of a cavity or excision, used to anchor fillers and to sustain tissues in their proper position
- Basket-weave suture
* Cross stitch
The area of the lips, cheeks, chin, and neck, which has hair growth
Beard area
Refers to two sides
Bilateral
Bilateral view
Bilateral silhouette
Referring to an inferior or superior view, which allows comparison of two sides of an object or facial feature
Bilateral silhouette
The color of jet in pigments
Black
The darkest of all colors
Black
Achromatic
Black
Absence of illumination in light
Black
To whiten by removing color
Blanch
To make pale
Blanch
To cause to become pale or blanched
Bleach
A chemical which lightens a skin discoloration
Bleach
The act of lightening a discoloration by chemical means
Bleach
The act of lightening a discoloration by hypodermic means or by surface compress
Bleaching
Color which escapes at the edge of a mixture
Bleed
To mix or intermingle a color (or colors) smoothly
Blend
To make a gradual change from one color to another
Blend
A thin vesicle on the skin containing a watery matter
Blister
Having relatively large patches of color somewhat different from the rest of the coloring
Blotched
Light yellowish color, usually describing hair color
Blonde
A raised support as the arched portion of the nose which is supported by the nasal bones
Bridge
A raised support as a structure or span connecting two parts of a mutilated bone
Bridge
A temporary suture consisting of individually cut and tied stitches employed to sustain the proper position of tissues
- Bridge stitch
* Interrupted suture
A brown or copper-like color
Bronze
The color of tanned leather
Brown
Brightness
Brilliance
The lightness or darkness of a color
Brilliance
The quality of light
Brilliance
Value
Brilliance
Dark brown or black color, usually describes hair color
Brunette
An injury caused by a blow without laceration
- Bruise
* Ecchymosis
A contusion
- Bruise
* Ecchymosis
The space between the lips and the gums and teeth
Buccal cavity
The vestibule of the oral cavity
Buccal cavity
The shallow concavities of the cheeks, natural on some persons, which extend obliquely downward from below either the medial or lateral margins of the cheekbones
Buccal depression
Compresses the cheek, retracts the angle of the mouth
Buccinator muscle
The vertical furrow of the cheek
Bucco-facial sulcus
Teeth which jut out
Buck teeth
May occur either with or without protrusion of the gums and may occur in either the maxilla, the mandible, or both
Buck teeth
To oxidize or to be oxidized by fire or equivalent means
Burn
The tissue reaction or injury resulting from application of heat, extreme cold, caustics, radiation, friction, or electricity
Burn
A compressed mass of powder
Cake
A benign or malignant growth
Cancer
Colorless crystals liquefied by water, which is an antiseptic / disinfectant and dries moist tissues and bleaches discolored tissue
- Carbolic acid
* Phenol
Purple-red in coloration
Carmine
Crimson
Carmine
The yellow pigment of the skin
Carotene
The gristle or white elastic substance attached to the ends of bones and forming parts of structures such as the septum of the nose and the framework of the ear
Cratilage
Casting
Cast
Any object that has been made from a mold, the positive reproduction obtained from a negative impression
Cast
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of the white race
Caucasian
The division of mankind comprising the chief races of Europe, North Africa, and southwestern Asia
Caucasian
Named on the supposition that the people of the Caucasus were typical of the race
Caucasian
A chemical capable of drying tissues by searing
Caustic
A hollow place or part
Cavity
Any substance used for making two surfaces adhere to each other, such as the lips or the eyelids or the margins of an incision
Cement
Reduced to carbon
Charred
The state of tissues destroyed by burning
Charred
Color intensity or purity
Chroma
Synonym for intensity
Chroma
A color having a hue, as related to the visible spectrum
Chromatic color
Eyelashes
Cilia
The fringe of hair edging the eyelids
Cilia
A clear syrup-like liquid that evaporates to leave a contractile white film
Collodion
Employed as a liquid sealer
Collodion
A suspension of pigments in a liquid vehicle so bound together there is no separation of particles
Colloid
A visual sensation
Color
A property of material objects, including sources of light, by which they are visually distinguished as possessing the qualities of redness, brownness, greenness, grayness, etc
Color
The cosmetically treated surface
Colorant
Substance used to produce the color of objects as dyes, pigments, inks, paints, etc.
Colorant
Illumination of an identifiable hue
Colored light
Colored glass gelatin or other substance which transmits light of certain wavelengths and absorbs the others
Color filter
A circle in which the primary, secondary, and intermediate hues are arranged in orderly intervals
Color wheel
The medial partition between the nostrils
Columna nasi
Opposite colors on a wheel
Complements
Any two hues, which, by their mixture, produce gray
Complements
The color and texture of the skin, especially that of the face
Complexion
Forming a part or ingredient
Component
Composed of two or more of the basic pigments
Compound color
One where the broken end of the bone has penetrated the skin
Compound fracture
A pad of gauze or absorbent cotton which is saturated with water or a chemical and placed under or upon tissues in order to preserve, bleach, dry, constrict, or reduce swelling
Compress
Having a depressed or hollow surface
- Concave
* Concavity
A depressed profile form which may dip concavely from root to tip
Concave nasal profile
One in which the forehead protrudes from the eyebrows and the chin protrudes more than the superior mucous membrane
Concave profile
Concave shell of the ear
Concha
The deepest depression of the ear
Concha
A rounded eminence at the articulating end of the bone
Condyle
The posterior process of the ramus of the mandible
Condyle
Sensory nerves in the retina of the eye having to do with color detection
Cones of the eye
Contract or compress
Constrict
The outline or surface form
Contour
A bruise
Contusion
Ecchymosis
Contusion
One color of illumination striking an object of a completely different color, causing the color of the object to be converted or completely destroyed
Conversion
Curved evenly
Convex
Resembling a segment of the outer edge of a sphere
Convex
A profile variation in which the forehead recedes from the eyebrows while the chin protrudes beyond the plane of the upper lip
Convex-concave profile
A nasal profile which exhibits a hump in its linear form
- Convex nasal profile
- Roman
- Aquiline
A basic profile form in which the forehead recedes from the eyebrows while the chin recedes from the plane of the upper lip
Convex profile
Most common profile form
Convex profile
A profile variation in which the forehead recedes from the eyebrows while the chin and upper project equally to an imaginary vertical line
Convex-vertical profile
A color that creates the impression of coldness
Cool hue
Examples: blue, green, or purple
Cool hue
A receding color
Cool hue
A color of short wavelengths
Cool hue
Vertical prominence of the neck
Cords of the neck
The transparent structure which constitutes the anterior part of the external layer of the eyeball
Cornea
The anterior, non-articulating process of the ramus of the mandible which serves as the insertion for the temporalis muscle
Coronoid process
A cosmetic technique which consists of highlighting those parts of the face or individual features to enlarge or bring them forward or shadowing them to reduce the appearance of size or deepen a depression
Corrective shaping with cosmetics
Draws the eyebrows inferiorly and medially
Corrugator muscle
A preparation for beautifying the complexion, skin, etc
Cosmetic
The first applied cream or cosmetic
Cosmetic base
The person applying a cosmetic or wax
- Cosmetist
* Cosmetologist
The study of beautifying and improving the complexion, skin, hair, and nails
Cosmetology
That part of the skull which encloses the brain
Cranium
A semi-solid cosmetic
Cream cosmetic
Application of massage-cream or petroleum jelly to a surface
Creaming
Top of a curve (as a wave) where the direction changes
Crest
The horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone separating the cranial cavity from the nasal cavity
Cribriform plate
A deep purplish-red color
Crimson
The topmost part of the head
Crown
Bifurcation of the antihelix of the ear
Crura
The part of the helix of the ear which is flattened in the concha
Crus
A solvent commercially-prepared
Cuticle remover
Used to remove dead cuticle from the nails and aid in the removal of obstinate scabs
Cuticle remover
To cut off the head
Decapitate
Separation of compounds into simpler substances by the action of microbial or autolytic enzymes
Decomposition
A material employed to fill cavities or excisions and serve as a foundation for the superficial wax restoration
Deep filler
Partial loss of moisture content
Dehydration
Having the component parts closely compacted together, relatively opaque
Dense
Thickness of the applied cosmetic
Density
Oblique insertion of the teeth
Dental prognathism
A ligature of superior and inferior teeth employed to hold the mandible in position
Dental tie
Set of artificial teeth
Denture
To lower inferiorly or to reduce projection
Depress
A hollow or lower region
Depression
The lowering of a part
Depression
Depresses the angle of the mouth
- Depressor angulus oris
* Triangularis muscle
Draws the lower lip inferiorly and slightly lateral
- Depressor labii inferioris
* Quadratus muscle
The state or degree of being deep
Depth
The skin, especially the corium
- Derma
* Dermis
True skin
Corium
The separation of the epidermis from the dermis as a result of putrefaction
- Desquamation
* Skin slip
Rendered thoroughly dry
Desiccation
Exhausted of moisture
Desiccation
Variation from the common or established
Deviation
A frontal-view geometric head shape which is widest across the cheekbones, narrowing in width in both the forehead and the jaws
Diamond
Draws the hyoid bone anteriorly and posteriorly
Digastricus muscle
A substance thinned or reduced in concentration and thereby lessened in brilliance
Dilution
Shallow depressions located on the cheek or chin
Dimples
Rounded or vertical
Dimples
To disjoin bones
Disarticulate
Act of cutting apart
Dissection
To expand or swell
Distend
A state of stretching out or becoming inflated
Distention
State of being twisted or pushed out of natural shape or position
Distortion
Back
Dorsum
Protruding ridge of the nose
Dorsum
A compacted cake type of red cosmetic
Dry rouge
A white powder used to dry a cosmetized surface
Drying powder
Freedom from wetness
Dryness
A condition of tissues necessary for the adhesion of cement, sealer, deep filler, or wax
Dryness
Somewhat dark in color
Dusky
Synonym for “swarthy” (used regarding the complexion)
Dusky
The organ of hearing
- Ear
* Pinna
A discoloration of the skin caused by the escape of blood within the tissues and generally attended by swelling
- Ecchymosis
* Bruise
Abnormal accumulation of fluids in tissues or body cavities
Edema
An electrically-heated blade that may be used to dry moist tissues, reduce swollen tissues, and restore contour
Electric spatula
A raised surface or part
Elevation
a relatively long but slightly dipping curve
Elliptical curve
Excessive leanness
Emaciation
A wasted condition of the body
Emaciation
Sunken surfaces of the face
Emaciation
The process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, to temporarily inhibit organic decomposition, and to restore an acceptable physical appearance
Embalming
To fix or fasten in a surrounding mass
- Embed
* Imbed
A prominence or projection of a bone
Eminence
A smoothing agent
Emollient
Having the power of softening living tissues, such as massage cream, etc
Emollient
A cosmetic with this characteristic
Emollient
Using the same color light as the color of the object
Emphasis
A permanent mixture of two or more immiscible substances which are united with the aid of a binder or emulsifier
Emulsion
Immiscible substances
Oil and water
Binder
Gum
Emulsifier
Soap
The removal of an entire mass or part, especially a tumor or the eyeball, without rupture
Enucleation
The outermost layer of skin
Epidermis
The cuticle or scarf skin
Epidermis
A clear, volatile liquid used as a wax solvent or to remove grease, oil, and adhesive tape stains
Ether
Turn outward
Evert
To remove as by cutting out
Excision
The area from which something has been cut out
Excision
Any visible surface that is to remain uncovered or unclothed
Exposed area
Ear passage
External auditory meatus
The deep hole located in the inferior portion of the medial one-third of the ear on the anterior border
External auditory meatus
Weight applied to a surface
External pressure
Drawn or pulled out
Extraction
Superficial hairs covering the superciliary arches
- Eyebrows
* Supercilia
A cosmetic in pencil form for coloring hair
Eyebrow pencil
A thin, dome like shell made of hardened cloth, metal, or plastic
Eyecap
Used beneath the eyelids to restore the natural curvature and, in some cases, to hold the eyelids closed
Eyecap
One of two movable flaps of skin which cover and uncover the eyeball
Eyelid
A cosmetic color applied to the superior eyelid
Eyeshadow
The bony region containing the eyeball
- Eyesocket
* Orbit
The orbital cavity
- Eyesocket
* Orbit
Anatomically, the region from the eyes to the base of the chin
Face
Physiognomically, the region from the normal hairline to the base of the chin
Face
The “character” lines, wrinkles, grooves, cords, and dimples of the face and neck
Facial markings
The silhouette of the face from the side view
Facial profile
Mathematical relationship of the size of the features to each other and / or to the head
Facial proportions
To reduce gradually to an indistinguishable edge
Feather
Synonym for “taper”
Feather
Material used to fill a large cavity
Filler
Examples: plaster-of-Paris and cotton, liquid sealer and cotton
Filler
Degree of rigidity, stability
Firmness
A condition of the tissues necessary for the application of wax
Firmness
The most viscous type of wax
- Firm wax
* Wound filler
A putty-like material used to fill large cavities or model features
- Firm wax
* Wound filler
An injury caused by heat which produces redness of the skin
First degree burn
Hyperemia
First degree burn
Flushed with red, said of a complexion
Florid
A long, electric discharge lamp in which the radiant energy from the electric discharge is transferred by suitable materials (phosphorus) into wavelengths given higher luminosity
Fluorescent lamp
An elongated prominence adjoining a surface
Fold
Opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes from the brain, midway between the two mastoid processes
Foramen magnum
The quality of a color to draw attention by means of its intensity or advancing characteristics
Force
The part of the face above the eyes
Forehead
A depression
Fossa
Concave recess
Fossa
Total evacuation (absence) of tissue
Fourth degree burn
Broken bone
Fracture
The vertical restraining band of flesh on the medial aspect of the inside of each lip connecting the lip with the gum
Frenulum
The anterior view of the face or features
- Frontal
* Anterior
The anterior one-third of the cranium, forming the forehead
Frontal bone
A rounded prominences on the median line and a little inferior to the center of the frontal bone
Frontal eminence
The ascending part of the upper jaw which gradually protrudes as it rises beside the nasal bone to meet the frontal bone
Frontal process of the maxilla
The ascending profess of the upper jaw
Frontal process of the maxilla
The quality and quantity of illumination used for presentation of casketed remains
Funeral lighting
A crevice in the skin accompanied by adjacent elevations
- Furrow
- Sulcus
- Wrinkle
A light, open-mesh variety of muslin
Gauze
The shape of a plane figure determined by its outline
Geometrical
Examples: round, oval, square, etc
Geometrical
A single bony prominence of the frontal bone located between the superciliary arches in the inferior part of the frontal bone above the root of the nose
Glabella
A syrupy, colorless liquid obtained from fats or oils as a by-product of the manufacturing of soaps and fatty acids and used as a vehicle for some cosmetics
Glycerin
Color resulting from the mixture of black and white pigments
Gray
Achromatic
Gray
A neutral color
Gray
A color resulting from the mixture of complementary hues (chromatic)
Gray
A nasal profile form in which the dorsum exhibits a straight line from the root to the tip
- Grecian
* Straight nasal profile
The hue resulting from the mixture of yellow and blue pigments
Green
One of the three secondary colors of pigments
Green
An elongated depression in a relatively level plane or surface
Groove
The outline of the growth of hair on the head or face
Hairline
The lowest centrally located part of the hair of the cranium
Hairline
A number of hairs grouped for use as a replacement
Hair patch
The anterior portion of the roof of the mouth
Hard palate
The outline of the exterior margins of the head
Head shape
The distance above the base
Height
The vertical measurement of part of a feature
Height
Outer rim of the ear
Helix
Red pigment
Hemoglobin
The protein coloring matter of the red blood corpuscles which serves to convey oxygen to the tissues
Hemoglobin
Oxyhemoglobin
Hemoglobin
Surface lying at right angles to the source of illumination which reflects the maximum amount of light
Highlight
The brighter or whiter part
Highlight
Application of a color that is lighter or brighter than the complexion color
Highlighting with cosmetics
Roughly U-shaped with the front being narrower than the sweep of the curve
Horseshoe curve
The property of a color by which it is distinguished from others
Hue
Any liquid or semi-liquid of the body
Humor
Example: the aqueous or vitreous of the eyeball
Humor
Shaped as a bent wood weapon with a central belly
Hunting bow
Resembling a “Cupid” bow
Hunting bow
Applied or administered beneath the skin
Hypodermic
The injection of special creams or liquids into the tissues through the use of a syringe and needle to restore natural contour
Hypodermic tissue building
Giving or casting of light
Illumination
A filament lamp rendered luminous by electric current
Incadescent light
White light
Incadescent light
A clean cut into tissue or skin
Incision
The area between the mental eminence and the inferior incisor teeth
Incisive fossa
The four front cutting teeth of each jaw
Incisor teeth
A line which is neither horizontal or vertical
Inclination
A blue dye obtained from certain plants or made synthetically, usually from aniline dyes
Indigo
A deep violet blue
Indigo
Designated by Newton as one of the seven primary colors
Indigo
Babyish, childlike, in regard to much adipose tissue
Infantine
Beneath
Inferior
Lower
Inferior
The undersurface of an organ or indicating a structure below another structure
Inferior
Towards the feet
Inferior
The part between the inferior margin of the inferior mucous membrane and the mental eminence
Inferior integumentary lip
The lowermost scroll-shaped bones on the sidewalls of the nasal cavity
Inferior nasal conchae
The furrow of the inferior border of the inferior eyelid
Inferior palpebral sulcus
The reaction of the tissues to injurious agents, usually characterized by heat, redness, swelling, and pain
Inflammation
A form of prognathism in which the base of the nasal cavity protrudes abnormally
Infranasal prognathism
The part of the invisible spectrum adjacent to the red end of the visible spectrum
Infrared
To restrain, hinder, or retard
Inhibit
To introduce forcibly
Inject
Small elevation extending medially and obliquely from the medial corner of the eye
Inner canthus
Superiorly, the skin portion of the upper lip from the attached margin of the upper mucous membrane to the base of the nose
Integumentary lips
Inferiorly, the skin portion of the lower lip from the attached margin of the lower mucous membrane to the labiomental sulcus
Integumentary lips
Existing in a high degree of brilliance
Intense
Vivid
Intense
To become more brilliant or more vivid in color
Intensify
The strength of a color, due especially to its degree of freedom from mixture with its complementary color or gray
Intensity
Equivalent to its brightness or dullness
Intensity
The vertical or transverse furrows between the eyebrows
Interciliary sulci
A classification of color produced by mixing a primary and a secondary color which are adjacent on the color wheel
Intermediate hue
Examples: red-orange, yellow-green, blue-purple, etc
Intermediate hue
Notch between the tragus and the antitragus of the ear
Intertragic notch
A type of suture used to close incisions so that the suture thread remains entirely under the epidermis
- Intradermal suture
* Hidden suture
Tissues turned in an opposite direction or folded inward
Inversion
A three-sided figure whose base is superior to its apex
Inverted triangle
Lower border of the chin and jaw
Jawline
Simultaneous contrast
Juxtaposition
Any two colors seen together modify each other in the direction of their complements
Juxtaposition
If they are complements, they enrich each other
Juxtaposition
If they are not complements, they dull each other
Juxtaposition
Lips
Labia
The vertical furrows of each lip extending from within the mucous membranes into the integumentary lips
Labial sulci
The junction of the inferior lip and the chin, which may appear as a furrow
Labiomental sulcus
To tear, as into irregular segments
Lacerate
A wound or irregular tear of the flesh
Laceration
Oil from sheep wool
Lanolin
“Downy hair,” thin fuzzy growths of hair
Lanugo
Peach fuzz
Lanugo
Toward the side
Lateral
Escape of blood or fluid
Leak
A vertical dimension
Length
A classification given to a nose which is long, narrow, and high-bridged
Leptorrhine
Elevates the angle of the mouth
Levator anguli oris muscle
Elevates the superior lip, dilates the nostrils
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle
A muscle of facial expression which elevates and extends the upper lip
Levator labii superioris muscle
To tie or bind
Ligate
A thread, cord, or wire used for tying vessels, tissues, or bones
Ligature
To shine
Light
A form of electromagnetic radiation that acts upon the retina of the eye to make sight possible
Light
The line that forms between two structures, such as the lips or the eyelids, when they are in a closed position, which marks their place of contact with each other
Line of closure
Eyelid furrows which are short and broken, which run horizontally on the palpebrae themselves and may fan from both the medial and lateral corners of the eyes
Linear sulci
A small, flat brush having soft hairs of uniform length
Lip brush
A soft restorative wax, usually tinted, used to cover or replace the external mucous membranes of the mouth
Lip wax
A fluid, facial colorant in which pigments are dissolved or suspended
Liquid cosmetic
A quick-drying fluid adhesive
Liquid sealer
An aqueous mixture of powder with a suspending agent
Liquid suspension
Inferior third of the ear
Lobe
A single, noose-like suture for anchoring restorative materials
Loop stitch
A very reddish, red-purple as of a colored illumination
Magenta
A purplish-red color
Magenta
One requiring a long period of time, are extensive, or require technical skill
Major restoration
The cosmetic material
Makeup
The way in which one is painted
Makeup
The process of application of a cosmetic
Makeup
A horseshoe-shaped bone forming the inferior jaw
Mandible
The small oval depression on the zygomatic process of the temporal bone into which the condyle of the mandible articulates, just anterior to the external auditory meatus
- Mandibular fossa
* Glenoid fossae
Protrusion of the inferior jaw
Mandibular prognathism
The furrow beneath the jawline which rises vertically on the cheek
Mandibular sulcus
A stitch used to hold the mouth closed
Mandibular suture
Placed behind the lips, one part is passed around the inferior jaw at the median plane (while the other part extends through either the nasal septum or the superior frenulum)
Mandibular suture
The boundary or edge
Margin
A preparation used to darken the eyelashes
Mascara
Anything that hides or conceals, as cosmetics
Mask
A facemask
Mask
A soft, white, oily preparation resembling cream and used as a protective coating for external tissues
Massage cream
A base for cream cosmetics and a wax softener, an emollient
Massage cream
Muscle for mastication
Masseter muscle
The rounded projection on the inferior portion of the temporal bones just posterior to the lobe of the ear
Mastoid process
Having a dull finish
Matte
As afforded by the application of loose powder, lack of sheen
Matte
A paired bone with several processes that form the skeletal base of most of the superior face, roof of the mouth, sides of the nasal cavity, and floor of the orbit
Maxilla
Protrusion of the superior jaw
Maxillary prognathism
Middle
Medial
Nears the medial plan
Medial
Tiny prominence on the midline of the superior mucous membrane
Medial lobe
Situated or placed in the middle of the body dividing it into the right and left halves
Medial plane
The brown to black-brown pigment in the epidermis and hair
Melanin
A triangular projection on the inferior portion of the anterior mandible
Mental eminence
Elevates and protrudes the inferior lip, wrinkles the skin over the chin
Mentalis muscle
A classification given to a nose which is medium-broad and medium-low bridged
Mesorrhine
One requiring minimum effort, skill, or time to complete
Minor restoration
A composition of two or more substances that are not chemically bound to each other
Mixture
Constructing a form with a apliable material such as wax or clay
Modeling
Variations of one color (hue)
Monochromatic
Tints, tones, and shades of one hue
Monochromatic
To diversify with spots or blotches of a different color (or shade)
Mottle
A device used in the mouth for shaping the contour of the lips
Mouth former
The visible red surfaces of the lips
Mucous membranes
The lining membrane of body cavities which communicate with the exterior
Mucous membranes
A stitch used to hold the mouth closed
Musculature suture
Placed behind the lips
Musculature suture
Part is passed through the muscles tangent to the inferior jaw and the other part extends through either the nasal septum or the superior frenulum
Musculature suture
To reduce the intensity of a color by the addition of another color
Mute
Disfigured by loss of a natural part through force
Mutilated
Directly inferior to the glabella and forming a dome over the superior portion of the nasal cavity
Nasal bones
Triangular form
Nasal bones
The orifice in the bony face bounded by the margins of the nasal bones and the maxilla
Nasal cavity
The sharp, bony projection located medially at the inferior margin of the nasal cavity
Nasal spine of the maxilla
The angular area between the posterior margin of the wing of the nose and the nasolabial fold
Nasal sulcus
The eminence of the cheek adjacent to the mouth
Nasolabial fold
Extending from the superior part of the posterior margin of the wing of the nose to the side of the mouth
Nasolabial fold
The furrow originating at the superior border of the wing of the nose and extending to the side of the mouth
Nasolabial sulcus
Depression superior to the medial portion of the superior palpebrae
Naso-orbital fossa
Those that are present from birth
Natural facial markings
Hereditary
Natural facial markings
Areas of color in the tissues normally darker than the adjacent area
Natural shadows
A mechanical device used to impel specially designed metal pins into bone
Needle injector
The image created and obtained from the body
Negative mold
Impression mold
Negative mold
A new and abnormal formation of tissue
Neoplasm
Examples: tumor, growth
Neoplasm
Achromatic
Neutral colors
Examples: white, black, or gray
Neutral colors
A birthmark
Nevus
A congenital skin blemish
Nevus
Any congenital anomaly, including various types of birthmarks and all types of moles
Nevus
The most common characteristics of each feature
Norm
Typical, common, average
Norm
A relatively deep indentation, usually between two projections
Notch
Slanting or inclined, neither perpendicular nor horizontal
Oblique
The shallow, curving groove below the medial corner of the eyelids
Oblique palpebral sulcus
A frontal head form in which the head is long and narrow throughout
Oblong
Lowest part of the back and base of the cranium, forming a cradle for the brain
Occipital bone
The prominence at the center of the external surface of the occipital bone
Occipital protuberance
Draws the scalp posteriorly and anteriorly and raises the eyebrows
- Occipitofrontalis muscle
* Epicranius
A coloring medium in which the pigments are combined with a petroleum product
Oil-based cosmetic
A yellow-tan of medium value with a greenish tinge
Olive
The state of being opaque
Opacity
Not transparent or translucent
Opaque
Not allowing light to pass through a concealing cosmetic
Opaque
The furrows radiating from the lateral corner of the eye
- Optic facial sulci
* Crow’s feet
The orifice containing the teeth and tongue
- Oral cavity
* Mouth
The hue obtained from the mixture of red and yellow
Orange
A secondary color of pigments
Orange
Closes the eyelid
Orbicularis oculi muscle
Compresses the lacrimal sac
Orbicularis oculi muscle
Closes the lips
Orbicularis oris muscle
The eyesocket
Orbit
The orbital cavity
Orbit
Bags under the eyes, the fullness between the inferior palpebrae and the oblique palpebral sulcus
Orbital pouch
The entrance or outlet of any body cavity
Orifice
An opening
Orifice
The attachment of a muscle which moves least when the muscle contracts
Origin
The beginning
Origin
An adornment or embellishment
Ornamental
A cosmetic material manufactured for street wear
Ornamental
The technique of cosmetic application to beautify the face of a female
Ornamental
Egg-shaped
Oval
A coloring modified by an overlying color
Overtone
A color which visibly predominates more than general coloring
Overtone
A wash
Overtone
The bone which forms part of the hard palate of the mouth, part of the nasal cavity, and part of the orbital cavities
Palatine bone
The eyelid
Palpebra
A face powder cosmetic pressed into a flat cake
Pancake
Superior portion of the sides and back of the cranium, as well as the posterior two-thirds of the roof of the cranium
Parietal bones
The marked convexity on the outer surface of the parietal bones
Parietal eminence
A soft, moist, opaque cosmetic with the consistency of dough and bound together with the aid of gum, starch, and water
Paste
If oils and fats are present, water is absent
Paste
A group of hairs of uniform length applied simultaneously as a method of hair replacement
Patch of hair
Diseased
Pathological condition
Due to a disease
Pathological condition
Superior portion of the bony nasal septum
Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
A semi-solid, yellow mixture of hydrocarbons
Petroleum jelly
An antiseptic / disinfectant employed to dry moist tissues and to bleach discolored tissues
- Phenol
* Carbolic acid
The vertical groove located medially on the superior lip
Philtrum
The study of the structures and surface markings of the face and features
Physiognomy
A coloring matter that can be applied to an object when combined with some type of vehicle
Pigment
Usually composed of dry, pulverized coloring agents and talcum
Pigment powder
Employed to impart color to the skin
Pigment powder
The Prang system
Pigment theory
The auricle or projected part of the exterior ear
Pinna
A surface having very little curve (convexity)
Plane
A level
Plane
A white powdery substance, which, with water, forms a quick-setting paste
Plaster of Paris
A classification given to a nose which is short and broad and has the minimum of projection
Platyrrhine
Wrinkles the skin of the neck and chest, depresses the mandible and inferior lip
Platysma muscle
The transverse, dipping furrow of the neck
Platysmal sulci
A small ball, cylinder, or tuft, as of cotton
Pledget
Any device, as cotton, cloth, wood, etc, used to fill or close an opening
Plug
A place (usually invisible) at which access to inner positions may be had
Point of entry
A place at which a hypodermic needle may be inserted to pass into the same or another area
Point of entry
Minute depressions in the surface of the skin, as the openings of the sweat glands
Pores
Treatments of a restorative nature performed after the embalming operation
Post-embalming
The image made from the negative mold
Positive cast
Toward the rear or caudal end
Posterior
Toward the back
Posterior
Dorsal
Posterior
After death
Postmortem
Any solid substance in the state of fine, loose particles as produced by crushing or grinding
Powder
A device to blow powder onto a surface
Powder atomizer
A device of hairs or bristles set in a handle
Powder brush
Used to apply and remove powder
Powder brush
A soft, circular pad for applying powder
Powder puff
Treatments of a restorative nature performed before the embalming operation
Pre-embalming
One of the three hues that can be combined to make all other hues
Primary hue
Primary hues:
- Red
- Yellow
- Blue
Draws the skin of the forehead inferiorly
Procerus muscle
A photograph or painting in which the subject has been posed and lighted in a flattering way by a professional photographer or artist
Professional portrait
An outline of the side view of an object, specifically the human head
Profile
Projection of the jaw or jaws
Prognathism
The act of throwing forward
Projection
A part extending beyond the level of surroundings
Projection
The relationship of the size of one feature as compared with another feature or with the width or length of the face
Proportion
An artificial device used to replace a limb, appendage, or other body part
Prosthetic device
State or condition of being thrust forward or projecting
Protrusion
The rounded, anterior projection of the tip of the nose
Protruding lobe
A hole or slight wound resulting from piercing
Puncture
A color between blue and red
Purple
A secondary hue of pigments
Purple
A suture made around the circumference of a circular opening or puncture to close it or to hold the margins in position
Purse string suture
A secretion from inflamed tissues
Pus
Usually an opaque, cream-colored matter
Pus
A small elevation of the skin with an inflamed base, contains pus
Pustule
A solid structure having a square base and four triangular sides that meet at a point
Pyramid
Raises the wings of the nose, deepens the nasolabial sulcus
Quadratus labii superior muscle
Energy traveling through space in the form of electromagnetic waves of various lengths
Radiant energy
To spread out from a common point
Radiate
The vertical portion of the mandible
Ramus
A dark, purplish-red color
Raspberry
A comb with a long, thin handle employed in curling hair
Rat-tail comb
A darkened, air-dried area on the skin resulting from removal of the epidermis while shaving
Razor burn
To redistribute of massage cream to insure a uniform density
Reblend
A type of surface formed by the withdrawal of a part from its normal position
Recession
A four-sided figure having four right angles
Rectangular
To diminish in size, mass, or projection
Reduce
The return of light waves form surfaces
Reflection
The bending or folding back of a part upon itself
Reflection
To lay at rest
Repose
The care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color
Restorative art
Surgery wax
Restorative wax
A nose which is turned up at the end
Retrousse
The border, edge, or margin of a thing, usually of a circular or curving form
Rim
Example: the border of the eye socket
Rim
Draws the angle of the mouth anteriorly
Risorius muscle
The long, rod-shaped sensory bodies of the retina of the eye responsive to light but not to color
Rod of the eye
The aquiline profile of the nose
Roman
The apex of the pyramidal mass of the nose which lies directly inferior to the forehead
Root of the nose
Top
Apex
The concave dip inferior to the forehead (profile view)
Root of the nose
A frontal head form in which the head exhibits maximum curvature
- Round
* Infantine
An acronym for the spectrum of light
ROYGBIV
Red complexion
Ruddy
Having a healthy reddish color
Ruddy
A yellowish, sickly color of the complexion
Sallow
A visual aspect indicating the vividness of the hue in the degree of difference from a gray of the same lightness
Saturation
A crust over a sore or wound
Scab
A crusted sore or wound that is exuding moisture, serum, or pus
Scab oozing
Fossa between the inner and outer rims of the ear
Scapha
The shallowest depression of the ear
Scapha
A bright red color inclining toward orange
Scarlet
A quick-drying liquid that leaves a hard, thin transparent coat or layer through which moisture cannot pass
Sealer
To cauterize tissues by heat or chemical in order to provide a dry foundation
- Sear
* Searing
Those resulting in acute inflammation of the skin and blisters
Second degree burn
Equal mixture of two primary hues
Secondary hue
Secondary hues
- Orange
- Green
- Purple
Almost opaque
Semi-opaque
Not transparent or translucent
Semi-opaque
Vertical cartilage dividing nasal cavity into two chambers, responsible for asymmetry of the nose
Septum
Slightly larger chamber of the nose
Right
Notched on the edge like a saw
Serrated
To cut or break open or apart
Sever
Disjoin
Sever
A hue into which various quantities of black are mixed
Shade
The darkened hue, as contrasted with a whitened hue
Shade
Surfaces that do not lie at right angles to the source of illumination or are obscured by other surfaces and which reflect little or no light
Shadow
A preparation to be used for cleansing the hair
Shampoo
The act of cleansing hair
Shampoo
Shine
Sheen
As of the reflection of natural oils of the skin
Sheen
The growth of hair located anterior of the ears
Sideburns
Lateral walls of the nose
Sides of nose
One in which the broken bone which does not pierce the skin
Simple fracture
To burn superficially, as the hair that shows partial destruction from scorching heat
Singe
Surface restorer
Soft wax
A substance (usually liquid) capable of, or used in, dissolving something
Solvent
A flat, blunt, knife-like instrument used for mixing cosmetics and modeling
Spatula
A palette knife
Spatula
Visible band
Spectrum
The original standard of color
Spectrum
The progressive arrangement of colors seen when a beam of white light is broken down into its component colors
Spectrum
An appliance as of wood, metal, etc, used to keep in place or protect a displaced or movable part
Splint
A liquid cosmetic compounded so that it can be atomized to provide a rapid means of application to a surface
Spray cosmetic
An elastic, porous mass of interlacing horny fibers that are permanently attached
Sponge
Remarkable for its power of absorbing water and becoming soft when wet without losing its toughness
Sponge
A recession in the temporal cavity
Squama
A frontal head form in which the head is broad and exhibits very little curvature
Square
The forehead is wide and the angles of the mandible are usually low as well as wide
Square
To discolor with foreign matter
Stain
An area so discolored
Stain
Any substance or agent that will cause an external discoloration to be removed or lessened
Stain remover
Used as a dusting powder and an absorbent
- Starch
* Cornstarch
Used to firm wax
- Starch
* Cornstarch
Rotates and depresses the head
- Sternocleidomastoid
* SCM muscle
A small, rounded, stiff brush, all bristles the same length, used to simulate pores on wax
Stipple brush
A stencil brush
Stipple brush
A nasal profile in which the dorsum exhibits a straight line from the root to the tip
- Straight nasal profile
* Grecian
The most common nasal profile
- Straight nasal profile
* Grecian
Situated or occurring beneath the skin
Subcutaneous
Lowered in intensity or strength
Subdued
Reduced in fullness or color
Subdued
Muted
Subdued
Describing those portions which lie immediately inferior to the mandible
Submandibular
The junction of the base of the chin and the submandibular area, which may appear as a furrow
Submental sulcus
Method of diminishing the wave lengths of light by superimposing two or more color transparencies over the same light source
Subtractive method
The light is gradually reduced by absorption of colors in the light
Subtractive method
A furrow, wrinkle or groove
Sulcus
Situated as a depression
Sunken
Concave
Sunken
The inferior part of the forehead just superior to the median ends of the eyebrows
Superciliary arches
Eyebrow
- Supercilium
* Superalea
Anatomically, towards the head
Superior
The portion between the base of the nose and the superior margin of the superior mucous membrane
Superior integumentary lip
The furrow of the superior border of the upper eyelid
Superior palpebral sulcus
Region between the supercilium and the superior palpebrae
Supraorbital area
The superior rim of the eye sockets
Supraorbital margins
A material used to fill shallow depressions
Surface filler
A wax which is softer and more pliable than wound filler
Surface filler
A wax used to fill shallow depressions
- Surface restorer
* Surface filler
Softer and more pliable than wound filler
- Surface restorer
* Surface filler
A treatment for swellings by which sub-surface tissues are removed, either in whole or in part, by excision
Surgical reduction
A substance in which particles of ground pigments are mixed with a fluid but are undissolved
Suspension
To provide support for
Sustain
To hold in a fixed position
Sustain
Act of sewing
Suture
The completed stitch
Suture
A bit of cotton or cloth used for removing moisture or discharges from mucous membranes as well as for applying bleaches or liquid disinfectants
Swab
Dark-colored complexion
Swarthy
Example: A face darkened by the tropical sun
Swarthy
Correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of parts that are on opposite sides of the face
Symmetry
A form which recedes away from a given point
Taper
A form which becomes gradually smaller toward one end
Taper
To reduce gradually from the center
Taper
Inferior portion of the sides and base of the cranium, inferior to the parietal bones and anterior to the occipital bone
Temporal bones
The concave surface of the head overlying the temporal bone
Temporal cavity
Closes the mandible
Temporalis muscle
Controls mastication and is the strongest chewing muscle
Temporalis muscle
Property of holding fast
Tenacity
Adhesiveness
Tenacity
Limit
Termination
End
Termination
The color from the mixture of two secondary colors or an unbalanced portion of complements with the warm hue predominating, and being in the range of browns
Tertiary hue
Grayed hues
Tertiary hue
A brush with a relatively large tuft of good quality, fine bristles, such as black sable or finch
Texturizing brush
Used to blend and stipple cosmetics or powder into the applied (cream) cosmetic and to clean out deposits impacted in pores
Texturizing brush
Destruction of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues
Third degree burn
Seared, charred, or roasted tissue
Third degree burn
In reference to a photograph, a view which reveals the fullness of the cheeks
Three quarter view
A hue into which various quantities of white are mixed
Tints
A powder that is lightly colored with non-moisture-absorbing pigments
Tinted powders
The termination of the forward projection of the nose
Tip
Any substance used to elevate sunken (emaciated) tissues to a normal level either by hypodermic injection or as a liquid modifier incorporated with the embalming fluid and injected arterially
Tissue builder
A hue mixed with either a small quantity of gray or the complement of the hue, resulting in dulling the hue
Tones
A small wig or patch of false hair covering a bald spot
Toupee
A hairpiece
Toupee
Elevation protecting the ear passage
Tragus
Ear passage
External auditory meatus
Transmitting light but causing sufficient diffusion to eliminate perception of distinct images
Translucent
Somewhat transparent
Translucent
Having the property of transmitting rays of light through its substance so that bodies situated beyond or behind can be distinctly seen
Transparent
The horizontal furrows of the forehead
Transverse frontal sulci
A physical injury or wound caused by external force or violence
Trauma
A figure formed by three lines and having three angles
Triangle
Depression between the crura of the ear
Triangular fossa
The second deepest depression of the ear
Triangular fossa
A spontaneous new growth of tissue forming an abnormal mass
Tumor
In liquids, muddy with particles of extraneous matter, not clear or transparent
Turbid
Invisible rays of the spectrum lying outside the violet end of the visible spectrum
Ultraviolet
A coloring (opaque) applied to an area which, when dry, will be covered with wax or another colorant
Undercoat
The angled cut of the borders of an excision, made so that the skin surface will overhang the deeper tissues
Undercut
A part that is, or will be, hidden from view
Unexposed area
The lightness or darkness of a hue
Value
Changes in form, extent, etc
Variations
Things somewhat different from another of the same kind
Variations
A material which binds pigments together as creams, liquids, or powders so they may be applied to a surface
Vehicle
Perpendicular to the plan of the horizon, balanced
Vertical
One in which the forehead and the eyebrows project equally to a vertical line and the chin recedes from the projection of the upper lip
Vertical-convex profile
The semi-fluid, transparent substance which lies between the retina and lens of the eyeball
Vitreous
Brilliance
Vivid
Intensely bright color(s)
Vivid
The degree of brilliance
Vividity
Bone of the nasal cavity situated between the nasal passages on the median plane
Vomer bone
Forms the inferior and posterior portion of the septum of the nose
Vomer bone
One of the areas of the skin surface which, during life, is naturally reddened
Warm color area
A place where cosmetics will be applied to restore the warmth that red will give
Warm color area
A color which appears in the spectral band, characterized by long wave-lengths
Warm hue
A color which makes an object appear closer and larger
Warm hue
A color which reflects warmth
Warm hue
Examples: Red, orange, yellow, and other colors in which they predominate
Warm hue
A restorative modeling or surfacing material composed of beeswax, spermaceti, paraffin, starch, etc. and a coloring pigment which will soften at body temperature and will reflect light in a manner similar to normal skin
Wax
The line of color change at the junction of the wet and dry portions of the mucous membranes
Weather line
The aspect of physical heaviness associated with different colors
Weight
Examples: warm, light, or grayed hues do not appear as heavy as cold, dark, or pure hues respectively
Weight
The size of the colored object will create the illusion of greater or lesser
Weight
The color of pure snow
White
The color reflecting to the eye all of the rays of the spectrum combined
White
The opposite of black
White
An achromatic color
White
A neutral color
White
A ray of light which contains all the hues of the visible spectrum in such proportion that the light appears colorless or “natural,” as daylight or sunlight
White light
The dimension of an object measured across from side to side
Width
Lateral lobes of the nose
Wings of the nose
The length of wire employed to connect two structures that are undamaged, such as remaining parts of a bone
Wire bridging
A wire mesh placed within an aperture to hold other restorative fillers
Wire bridging
A method of sewing an incision along the edges without entering the opening whereby the suture becomes invisible and the line of suture becomes depressed, which lends it ease of concealment by waxing
- Worm suture
- Inversion
- Draw stitch
The firmest type of restorative wax
Wound filler
A putty-like material used to fill large cavities or to model features
Wound filler
The processes on the temporal and zygomatic bones
Zygomatic arch
Determines the widest part of the face
Zygomatic arch
One of the lesser concavities of the face located on the lateral portion of the cheek inferior to the zygomatic arch
Zygomatic arch depression
Diamond-shaped surfaces
Zygomatic bones
Forms the cheekbones
Zygomatic bones
The lateral rim of the eye socket formed by a process of the frontal bone and a process of the zygomatic bone
Zygomaticofrontal process
Draws the superior lip posteriorly, superiorly, and anteriorly
Zygomaticus major muscle
Draws the superior lip superiorly and anteriorly
Zygomaticus minor muscle
