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MOR 260: National Board Exam Review > Microbiology Comprehensive Exam > Flashcards

Microbiology Comprehensive Exam Flashcards

1
Q

The comma-shaped bacterium:

A

Vibrio

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2
Q

What kind of immunity is given by vaccination?

A

Artificial active acquired

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3
Q

Clostridium species require which condition:

A

Anaerobic

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4
Q

The protein components of invaders that the body recognizes as foreign:

A

Antigens

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5
Q

The protein that is produced by the body to combat viruses:

A

Interferon

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6
Q

In a dead body, clostridium perfringens causes:

A

Tissue gas

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7
Q

Because bacteria lack a membrane-bound nucleus, the _____ is immersed in the _____.

A
  • Nuclear material

* Cytoplasm

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8
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Botulism

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9
Q

Variola

A

Smallpox

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10
Q

Vibrio cholerae

A

Asiatic cholera

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11
Q

Herpes simplex I

A

Cold sores

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12
Q

Rubella

A

German Measles

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13
Q

An example of a vector would be a:

A

Insect

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14
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A
  • Scarlet Fever

* Rheumatic Fever

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15
Q

Salmonella enteritidis

A

Salmonellosis

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16
Q

Yersinis pestis

A

The plague

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17
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A
  • Tissue gas

* Gas gangrene

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18
Q

Treponema pallidium

A

Syphilis

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19
Q

The study of the structure and shape and form of an organism is called:

A

Morphology

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20
Q

This is formed by certain bacteria such as Bacillus anthracis in adverse conditions. It is extremely durable, and it may last for centuries before germination:

A
  • Spore

* Endospore

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21
Q

The function of a slime layer or mucoid capsule:

A

Protection against adverse conditions, including drying

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22
Q

An organism that prefers oxygen, but that can survive without:

A

Facultative anaerobe

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23
Q

A microorganism that causes a disease is a:

A

Pathogen

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24
Q

Pathogenic bacteria thrive at which Celsius degree?

A

37

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25
Q

Occurs only as an occasional case

A

Sporadic

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26
Q

Spreads to more than one country

A

Pandemic

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27
Q

Rapid onset and short course

A

Acute infection

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28
Q

Strength of the pathogen

A

Virulence

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29
Q

The smallest unit in which a living organism can survive independently is:

A

Cell

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30
Q

A bacterium that absolutely requires oxygen for survival:

A

Obligate aerobe

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31
Q

What is considered a fomite?

A

Door knobs

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32
Q

Molds are classified as:

A

Fungi

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33
Q

Bacteria usually reproduce by:

A

Binary fission

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34
Q

Bacteria that prefer cold:

A
  • Psychophiles

* Cryophiles

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35
Q

The immunity possessed by a person who has had and recovered from a disease:

A

Natural active acquired

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36
Q

The living material that makes up a cell is called:

A

Protoplasm

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37
Q

The simplest animals which are mostly unicellular is:

A

Protozoa

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38
Q

The branch of biology that deals with the studies of viruses is called:

A

Virology

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39
Q

Serum hepatitis is which type of hepatitis:

A

Hepatitis B

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40
Q

The purpose of pili in some bacteria is for:

A

Reproduction

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41
Q

Bacteria that occur in pairs are called:

A
  • Diplococci

* Diplobacilli

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42
Q

Slow onset and long duration

A

Chronic infection

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43
Q

An infection which occurs where another infection is already present

A

Secondary infection

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44
Q

The only active infection present

A

Primary infection

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45
Q

Caused by 2 different organisms

A

Mixed infection

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46
Q

The rigid, polysaccharide structure that encloses bacteria:

A

Cell wall

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47
Q

Mycology is the study of:

A

Fungus

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48
Q

The immunity given by transfer of antibodies from one person to another (example - Gamma Globulin):

A

Artificial passive acquired

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49
Q

An organism that prefers decaying organic matter, but that can survive as a parasite:

A

Facultative parasite

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50
Q

An acute viral infection of the nervous system (brain). May cause a person to fear water:

A

Rabies

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51
Q

One who harbors and disseminates pathogens without having had the disease is this type of carrier:

A

Passive

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52
Q

Most sexually transmitted diseases enter the body through the:

A

Genitourinary track

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53
Q

An agent which liberates gases or fumes for the specific purpose of the destruction of insects and microorganisms

A

Fumigant

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54
Q

What is defined as the invasion of the body by living microorganisms, which subsequent multiplication and disease production?

A

Infection

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55
Q

One who discharges pathogens in fecal matter is said to be this type of carrier:

A

Intestinal

56
Q

What microorganisms produce disease only under especially favorable conditions?

A

Opportunists

57
Q

What defines a condition in which bacteria are found in the blood, but are not multiplying there?

A

Bacteremia

58
Q

Epidemic Parotitis:

A

Mumps

59
Q

The causative agent of influenza is:

A

Virus

60
Q

The aerobic or capnophilic organism that has killed more people than any other. It’s transmitted by droplets, dust feces and milk. The focal point is the lungs:

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

61
Q

Ticks are the transmitter of what:

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

62
Q

The immunity we are born with is called:

A

Natural immunity

63
Q

Saliva is responsible for which viral infection:

A

Rabies

64
Q

A germicide is an example of:

A

Disinfection

65
Q

An infection which is caused by organisms which normally reside in the body:

A

Endogenous

66
Q

Cryptococciosis, which is often mistaken for a brain tumor, is caused by a:

A

Fungus

67
Q

Toxins that are released only when the cell producing them is destroyed or disintegrated are called:

A

Endotoxins

68
Q

The causative agent of a disease modified in such a manner that it will no longer cause the disease, but will still promote the production of antibodies

A

Vaccine

69
Q

A prion causes:

A

Creutzfeldt Jakob

70
Q

The organism that causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever:

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

71
Q

What has been attributed to serum hepatitis?

A

Sharing of needles

72
Q

What is a type of decomposition of fats?

A

Lipolysis

73
Q

Presence of toxins in the blood produces a condition called:

A

Toxemia

74
Q

Coughing, talking, sneezing are what type of transmission?

A

Droplet infection

75
Q

Infections that are passed on from the mother to the baby through the placenta are called:

A

Congenital infection

76
Q

A virus attacks the respiratory tract:

A

Pneumotrophic

77
Q

The destruction of all microorganisms and their products is:

A

Sterilization

78
Q

Coxiella burnetti causes _____, and is considered a _____:

A
  • “Q” Fever

* Rickettsia

79
Q

A mode of direct disease transmission is:

A

Droplet spray

80
Q

Which structure contains the material of inheritance?

A

Nucleic acid

81
Q

The organism that causes malaria:

A

Plasmodium malariae

82
Q

An enzyme that dissolves or destroys a blood clot:

A

Fibrinolysin

83
Q

An infection caused by organisms which come from outside the body:

A

Exogenous

84
Q

Infections that involve the whole body, by way of the lymph system and blood stream are:

A

General

85
Q

Molds, mushrooms and yeasts are:

A

Fungi

86
Q

What is said to inhibit bacterial growth and reproduction without necessarily destroying the organisms?

A

Antisepsis

87
Q

Physical contact would be considered:

A

Direct contact

88
Q

This organism causes blindness, NGU and NSU:

A

Chlamydia trochomatis

89
Q

The study of the capability of an organism to resist and overcome a disease or infection is called:

A

Immunology

90
Q

A group of microorganisms that are arranged in a cluster resembling a bunch of grapes are called:

A

Staphylococci

91
Q

Treponema pallidum causes an STD, and is a:

A

Spirochete

92
Q

Mutually advantageous

A

Symbiosis

93
Q

A mutually beneficial but necessary arrangement between bacterium

A

Mutualism

94
Q

Benefitting of 1 organism without affecting the other

A

Commensalism

95
Q

The presence of certain bacteria inhibiting the growth of others

A

Antagonism

96
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Primary atypical pneumonia

97
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Gonorrhea

98
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Tetanus

99
Q

Leptospira interrogans

A

Leptospirosis

100
Q

What kind of immunity is given through placental transfer of antibiotics?

A

Natural passive acquired

101
Q

Sir Alexander Fleming accidentally discovered:

A

Penicillin

102
Q

The long, hair-like processes that by their lashing activity cause a microorganism to move:

A

Flagella

103
Q

Substance produced by body cells to combat foreign proteins:

A

Antibodies

104
Q

Round bacteria that are organized into chains:

A

Streptococci

105
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

Anthrax

106
Q

Salmonella typhi

A

Typhoid fever

107
Q

Corynebacterium diptheria

A

Diptheria

108
Q

Francisella tularensis

A

Tularemia (rabbit fever)

109
Q

This disease is caused by a diplococci:

A

Gonorrhea

110
Q

Lock jaw is the common name for the disease:

A

Tetanus

111
Q

Yeasts and molds are destroyed by which of the following:

A

Fungicide

112
Q

Smallpox is caused by:

A

Virus

113
Q

A protein produced by the blood or lymph in response to an antigen is called:

A

Antibody

114
Q

Malaria is caused by a:

A

Protozoa

115
Q

A glycoprotein substance developed in response to, and interacting specifically with an antigen:

A
  • Antibody

* Immunoglobulin

116
Q

Ultraviolet rays contained in direct sunlight:

A

Are bacteriocidal

117
Q

Mechanical body defenses include:

A
  • Cilia
  • Intact skin
  • Mucous membranes
118
Q

The virus that causes chickenpox and shingles:

A

Varicella zoster

119
Q

What is an example of a fomite?

A

Towel

120
Q

The most effective method of sterilization is:

A

Steam under pressure

121
Q

What can be transmited by a mosquito?

A

Yellow fever

122
Q

The association of certain species to accomplish harmful or beneficial results

A

Synergism

123
Q

Rubeola

A

Measles

124
Q

The rod-shaped bacterium:

A

Bacillus

125
Q

Salmonella typhi

A

Typhus Fever

126
Q

Rickettsia prowazekii

A

Epidemic (louse borne) typhus

127
Q

This disease attacks the lining of the intestinal track:

A

Gastroenteritis

128
Q

Clostridium species are:

A

Gram positive bacilli

129
Q

The identification of a comma shaped bacillus under a microscope would signify:

A

Vibrio cholerae

130
Q

An infection of the blood with actual growth and multiplication of pathogens in the blood:

A

Septicemia

131
Q

Salmonella infections are primarily transmitted by:

A

Ingestion

132
Q

The organism that causes Thrush in children and AIDS patients:

A

Candida albicans

133
Q

Amebic dysentery is caused by a:

A

Protozoan

134
Q

Strict (obligate) parasites are organisms that receive their nutrients from:

A
  • Living animals

* Plants

135
Q

If the portal of entry was the alimentary track, that means the organism has entered the body by way of:

A

Eating

MOR 260: National Board Exam Review (42 decks)

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