Microbiology Comprehensive Exam Flashcards
The comma-shaped bacterium:
Vibrio
What kind of immunity is given by vaccination?
Artificial active acquired
Clostridium species require which condition:
Anaerobic
The protein components of invaders that the body recognizes as foreign:
Antigens
The protein that is produced by the body to combat viruses:
Interferon
In a dead body, clostridium perfringens causes:
Tissue gas
Because bacteria lack a membrane-bound nucleus, the _____ is immersed in the _____.
- Nuclear material
* Cytoplasm
Clostridium botulinum
Botulism
Variola
Smallpox
Vibrio cholerae
Asiatic cholera
Herpes simplex I
Cold sores
Rubella
German Measles
An example of a vector would be a:
Insect
Streptococcus pyogenes
- Scarlet Fever
* Rheumatic Fever
Salmonella enteritidis
Salmonellosis
Yersinis pestis
The plague
Clostridium perfringens
- Tissue gas
* Gas gangrene
Treponema pallidium
Syphilis
The study of the structure and shape and form of an organism is called:
Morphology
This is formed by certain bacteria such as Bacillus anthracis in adverse conditions. It is extremely durable, and it may last for centuries before germination:
- Spore
* Endospore
The function of a slime layer or mucoid capsule:
Protection against adverse conditions, including drying
An organism that prefers oxygen, but that can survive without:
Facultative anaerobe
A microorganism that causes a disease is a:
Pathogen
Pathogenic bacteria thrive at which Celsius degree?
37
Occurs only as an occasional case
Sporadic
Spreads to more than one country
Pandemic
Rapid onset and short course
Acute infection
Strength of the pathogen
Virulence
The smallest unit in which a living organism can survive independently is:
Cell
A bacterium that absolutely requires oxygen for survival:
Obligate aerobe
What is considered a fomite?
Door knobs
Molds are classified as:
Fungi
Bacteria usually reproduce by:
Binary fission
Bacteria that prefer cold:
- Psychophiles
* Cryophiles
The immunity possessed by a person who has had and recovered from a disease:
Natural active acquired
The living material that makes up a cell is called:
Protoplasm
The simplest animals which are mostly unicellular is:
Protozoa
The branch of biology that deals with the studies of viruses is called:
Virology
Serum hepatitis is which type of hepatitis:
Hepatitis B
The purpose of pili in some bacteria is for:
Reproduction
Bacteria that occur in pairs are called:
- Diplococci
* Diplobacilli
Slow onset and long duration
Chronic infection
An infection which occurs where another infection is already present
Secondary infection
The only active infection present
Primary infection
Caused by 2 different organisms
Mixed infection
The rigid, polysaccharide structure that encloses bacteria:
Cell wall
Mycology is the study of:
Fungus
The immunity given by transfer of antibodies from one person to another (example - Gamma Globulin):
Artificial passive acquired
An organism that prefers decaying organic matter, but that can survive as a parasite:
Facultative parasite
An acute viral infection of the nervous system (brain). May cause a person to fear water:
Rabies
One who harbors and disseminates pathogens without having had the disease is this type of carrier:
Passive
Most sexually transmitted diseases enter the body through the:
Genitourinary track
An agent which liberates gases or fumes for the specific purpose of the destruction of insects and microorganisms
Fumigant
What is defined as the invasion of the body by living microorganisms, which subsequent multiplication and disease production?
Infection
One who discharges pathogens in fecal matter is said to be this type of carrier:
Intestinal
What microorganisms produce disease only under especially favorable conditions?
Opportunists
What defines a condition in which bacteria are found in the blood, but are not multiplying there?
Bacteremia
Epidemic Parotitis:
Mumps
The causative agent of influenza is:
Virus
The aerobic or capnophilic organism that has killed more people than any other. It’s transmitted by droplets, dust feces and milk. The focal point is the lungs:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Ticks are the transmitter of what:
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
The immunity we are born with is called:
Natural immunity
Saliva is responsible for which viral infection:
Rabies
A germicide is an example of:
Disinfection
An infection which is caused by organisms which normally reside in the body:
Endogenous
Cryptococciosis, which is often mistaken for a brain tumor, is caused by a:
Fungus
Toxins that are released only when the cell producing them is destroyed or disintegrated are called:
Endotoxins
The causative agent of a disease modified in such a manner that it will no longer cause the disease, but will still promote the production of antibodies
Vaccine
A prion causes:
Creutzfeldt Jakob
The organism that causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever:
Rickettsia rickettsii
What has been attributed to serum hepatitis?
Sharing of needles
What is a type of decomposition of fats?
Lipolysis
Presence of toxins in the blood produces a condition called:
Toxemia
Coughing, talking, sneezing are what type of transmission?
Droplet infection
Infections that are passed on from the mother to the baby through the placenta are called:
Congenital infection
A virus attacks the respiratory tract:
Pneumotrophic
The destruction of all microorganisms and their products is:
Sterilization
Coxiella burnetti causes _____, and is considered a _____:
- “Q” Fever
* Rickettsia
A mode of direct disease transmission is:
Droplet spray
Which structure contains the material of inheritance?
Nucleic acid
The organism that causes malaria:
Plasmodium malariae
An enzyme that dissolves or destroys a blood clot:
Fibrinolysin
An infection caused by organisms which come from outside the body:
Exogenous
Infections that involve the whole body, by way of the lymph system and blood stream are:
General
Molds, mushrooms and yeasts are:
Fungi
What is said to inhibit bacterial growth and reproduction without necessarily destroying the organisms?
Antisepsis
Physical contact would be considered:
Direct contact
This organism causes blindness, NGU and NSU:
Chlamydia trochomatis
The study of the capability of an organism to resist and overcome a disease or infection is called:
Immunology
A group of microorganisms that are arranged in a cluster resembling a bunch of grapes are called:
Staphylococci
Treponema pallidum causes an STD, and is a:
Spirochete
Mutually advantageous
Symbiosis
A mutually beneficial but necessary arrangement between bacterium
Mutualism
Benefitting of 1 organism without affecting the other
Commensalism
The presence of certain bacteria inhibiting the growth of others
Antagonism
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Primary atypical pneumonia
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Gonorrhea
Clostridium tetani
Tetanus
Leptospira interrogans
Leptospirosis
What kind of immunity is given through placental transfer of antibiotics?
Natural passive acquired
Sir Alexander Fleming accidentally discovered:
Penicillin
The long, hair-like processes that by their lashing activity cause a microorganism to move:
Flagella
Substance produced by body cells to combat foreign proteins:
Antibodies
Round bacteria that are organized into chains:
Streptococci
Bacillus anthracis
Anthrax
Salmonella typhi
Typhoid fever
Corynebacterium diptheria
Diptheria
Francisella tularensis
Tularemia (rabbit fever)
This disease is caused by a diplococci:
Gonorrhea
Lock jaw is the common name for the disease:
Tetanus
Yeasts and molds are destroyed by which of the following:
Fungicide
Smallpox is caused by:
Virus
A protein produced by the blood or lymph in response to an antigen is called:
Antibody
Malaria is caused by a:
Protozoa
A glycoprotein substance developed in response to, and interacting specifically with an antigen:
- Antibody
* Immunoglobulin
Ultraviolet rays contained in direct sunlight:
Are bacteriocidal
Mechanical body defenses include:
- Cilia
- Intact skin
- Mucous membranes
The virus that causes chickenpox and shingles:
Varicella zoster
What is an example of a fomite?
Towel
The most effective method of sterilization is:
Steam under pressure
What can be transmited by a mosquito?
Yellow fever
The association of certain species to accomplish harmful or beneficial results
Synergism
Rubeola
Measles
The rod-shaped bacterium:
Bacillus
Salmonella typhi
Typhus Fever
Rickettsia prowazekii
Epidemic (louse borne) typhus
This disease attacks the lining of the intestinal track:
Gastroenteritis
Clostridium species are:
Gram positive bacilli
The identification of a comma shaped bacillus under a microscope would signify:
Vibrio cholerae
An infection of the blood with actual growth and multiplication of pathogens in the blood:
Septicemia
Salmonella infections are primarily transmitted by:
Ingestion
The organism that causes Thrush in children and AIDS patients:
Candida albicans
Amebic dysentery is caused by a:
Protozoan
Strict (obligate) parasites are organisms that receive their nutrients from:
- Living animals
* Plants
If the portal of entry was the alimentary track, that means the organism has entered the body by way of:
Eating
