Embalming Comprehensive Exam Flashcards
The physical evacuation of various foreign materials from any body orifice, due to a variety of pressures, is commonly referred to as:
Purge
Which of the following is an example of antemortem extravascular blood discoloration:
- Livor mortis
- Cyanosis
- Capillary congestion
- Hematoma
- Hypostasis
Hematoma
Inactive dyes are used in arterial solutions to:
Impart color to the solution
That method of injection and drainage in which an amount of arterial fluid is injected and then drainage allowed to flow for a period of time, each one separately, is which method:
Alternate
More water can be removed from tissue with:
Hypertonic solutions
A device that is inserted into the artery for introducing arterial fluid is called:
Cannula
An extrinsic variable factor in embalming is:
A time lapse between death and embalming
Massage cream is placed on the inside of the eyelid to hold them in place and to:
Prevent dehydration
This instrument could be used in place of a drain tube:
Spring forceps
The movement of embalming solutions from the point of injection throughout the arterial, capillary and venous portions of the blood vascular system is known as:
Fluid distribution
That method of injection and drainage in which injection is continued and drainage is taken at intervals is which method:
Intermittent
A method of generating pressure for the injection of arterial fluid into a dead human body is the use of:
Mechanical pump
An embalming solution may be handicapped if it is used during the peak of rigor mortis because of which reason:
The rigidity of the muscles do not allow the entrance of the solution
When injecting down, the arterial solution moves from the tibial artery to the:
Dorsalis pedis artery
Postmortem staining is an extravascular change in the color of tissue due to:
Hemolysis
The most positive sign of death is:
Generalized decomposition
The line of closure of the eye is on the:
Lower one-third of the eye socket
When suturing the mouth closed, the superior anchoring is the:
Septum of the nose
The muscular suture is also known as:
Frenulum - septal suture
The attempted destruction of most autolytic and bacterial enzymes present in the body, and which have protein, carbohydrate and lipid splitting abilides, is considered to be the action of, or purpose of:
Disinfection
What type of co-injection chemical is recommended for a dehydrated body?
Humectant
The amount of formaldehyde gas, measured in grams, dissolved in 100 ml, of water is called:
Index
How many ounces of 32 index fluid are needed to make 2 gallons of dilute solution having an index of 2%:
16
That process of decomposition of protein due to the specific action of an anaerobic bacteria is referred to as:
Putrefaction
Which of the following would have to be considered in pre-embalming analysis:
- Age
- Cause of death
- Sex
- All of the above
- None of the above
All of the above
If the procedure calls for a liquid sealer in the back of the eye socket, the embalmer is dealing with a:
Enucleated eye
The action of post-mortem stiffening of all voluntary muscles of the body is referred to specifically as:
Rigor mortis
Which of the following is an important factor to be considered in a case analysis:
- Sex
- Tissue moisture
- Age
- All of the above
- None of the above
All of the above
That classification of embalming which involves submersion of the total body into a specially formulated solution is referred to as:
Absorption embalming
When raising the internal jugular vein, the embalmer would expect the common carotid artery to be:
- Medial
* Deep
Cherry-red staining is associated with:
Carbon monoxide poisoning
A condition which results from the increase of fluid loss:
Dehydration
Father of embalming
Ruysch
Wrote the embalming text “History of Embalming”
Gannal
Discovered capillary circulation
Malpighi
Discovered formaldehyde
Butlerov
Father of American embalming
Holmes
The three basic media involved with Casper’s Law are under the pressure of earth, water, and:
Air
The procedure of disinfection which is performed prior to the embalming process is referred to as:
Primary disinfection
Self-destruction of cells
Autolysis
Decomposition of proteins
Proteolysis
Sugar decomposition
Saccharolysis
Decomposition of proteins by enzymes of anaerobic bacteria
Putrefaction
Decomposition of proteins by enzymes of aerobic bacteria
Decay
That mode of death which originates with the failure of one of the vital organs of the human is referred to as:
Somatic death
What form of somatic death involves death beginning at the brain, and is also referred to as an insensibility which terminates in death:
Coma
The process of treating the body chemically so as to temporarily inhibit decomposition is:
Preservation
The primary purpose of embalming is:
Sanitation
What are methods of stimulating drainage:
- Instruments
- Massage
- Pressure
Purge that is liquid, has a foul odor, and resembles coffee grounds is:
Stomach purge
Any surface, prominence, structure, or marking used to locate a deeper structure is a(n):
Anatomical guide
When preparing the primary dilution for an edematous case, the solution which is prepared should be:
More astringent than usual
When considering the various color changes which are involved with decomposition, the initial color which is generally seen is:
Yellow-green
Which artery must be clamped off while injecting the cranially autopsied head via the common carotid artery:
Internal carotid artery
Decrease in recorded body temperature
Algonal algor
Coagulation
Congealing
Escape of blood serum from an intravascular to an extravascular location
Agonal edema
Increase in recorded body temperature
Agonal fever
Those changes occurring in the interval prior to somatic death
Antemortem
Speaking in general terms, the earliest visible external sign of the presence of decomposition is a green discoloration over which quadrant of the abdomen:
Lower right
Aspiration of the cranial cavity is indicated in cases of:
Hydrocephalus
The proper type of solution for embalming a dehydrated body would be:
Large volume of a mild solution
Which color of decomposition appears first:
Light yellow
Stiffening of the muscles
Rigor mortis
Cooling of the body to its surrounding environment
Algor mortis
Decomposition of fats
Lipolysis
Rise in body temperature after death
Post mortem caloricity
Reddish blue discoloration - post mortem stain
Livor mortis
An instrument used to clamp blood vessels is a:
Hemostat
A petechia is classified as what type of discoloration:
Antemortem extravascular
The general breakdown of all body compounds, into their basic components, is referred to as what:
Decomposition
The cherry-red color that is caused by carbon monoxide poisoning is classified as what type of discoloration:
Antemortem intravascular
Ascites may cause purge from the:
Stomach
The destruction or inhibition of most pathogenic bacteria and their products in or on the body is the definition of:
Disinfection
A device which uses water pressure to produce a vacuum for aspiration of the visceral cavities is a:
Hydroaspirator
A condition that speeds the onset of algor mortis is:
Low environmental temperature
The passage of embalming solution through the capillary walls because of positive intravascular pressure is the definition of:
Pressure filtration
The death of the whole organism is called:
Somatic death
If the embalmer directs the trocar point toward the intersection of the 5th intercostal space and the left mid-axillary line, she is preparing to aspirate which organ?
Stomach
A synonym for livor mortis is:
Cadaveric lividity
Towards the back of the body:
Posterior
When a dead person’s finger is ligated as a test for death, there will be:
Venous congestion
What postmortem physical change usually occurs:
Dehydration
The rise in temperature of a deceased person due to continued cellular oxidation is called?
Postmortem caloricity
Which of the following is an extrinsic factor in regards to an embalming analysis:
- Atmospheric conditions
- Body conditions
- Medications and drugs present at death
- Nitrogenous waste products
- Cause and manner of death
Atmospheric conditions
Which of the following is not an expert test for death:
- Electronic life detection device (EKG)
- Stethoscope
- Injection of various dyes into the body to test for circulation
- Opthalmoscope
- Ligature test
Ligature test
Disinfection which occurs after the embalming procedure is called:
Terminal
Which of the following postmortem changes is a chemical change:
- Algor mortis
- Hypostasis
- Livor mortis
- Decomposition
- Dehydration
Decomposition
Which of the following areas in the preparation room is often carelessly overlooked in the terminal disinfection process:
- The embalmers hands
- The cabinets
- The base of the preparation table
- The preparation table
The base of the preparation table
Which of the following is not an inexpert test for death:
- Ligating a finger
- Placing the ear over the thoracic cavity to listen for heart or lung sounds
- Injection of various dyes into the body to test for circulation
- Ammonia injection test
- Feeling for the pulse at the radial artery
Injection of various dyes into the body to test for circulation
The post-mortem process of the self-destruction of body tissue, by substances produced within the cells themselves, is correctly termed:
Autolysis
Casper’s Law is the ratio of the rate of:
Decomposition
Who discovered the circulation of the blood:
Harvey
What is the normal pH of the living body?
7.4
Which of the following is not an intrinsic factor to be considered in a case analysis:
- Pathological conditions
- Tissue moisture
- Bacterial influences within the body
- Atmospheric conditions
Atmospheric conditions
That person who was involved in the historical development of embalming, promoted embalming for sanitary purposes, and also translated the textbook “History of Embalming” into English, was:
Richard Harlan
A purge prior to embalming, where the abdomen is distended should be:
Treated by piercing the abdomen to relieve pressure
The appearance of post-mortem, reddish-blue, emavascular blood discolorations, which become relatively permanent are correctly termed:
Post-mortem stain
A condition in which the signs of life are feebly maintained is:
Apparent death
The place of incision for the radial artery is:
Just lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle
The absence of metabolism and a total lack of response to stimuli is:
Catelepsy
A normal dilution of the already diluted fluids by the fluids of the body is known as:
Secondary dilution
In extreme prognathism, you may, after obtaining special permission in writing from the family:
Extract teeth
For dead human bodies exhibiting early decomposition, in most cases the embalmer should employ:
Multipoint injection
Which of the following is not predisposed to clotting:
- Carbon monoxide poisoning
- Leukemia
- Thrombosis
- Tuberculosis
- Febrile disease
Tuberculosis
Factors governing decomposition such as air, environmental temperature and moisture in the atmosphere are known as:
Extrinsic factors
The settling of the blood to dependent portions of the body is called:
Hypostasis
Injection of arterial fluid while maintaining an open drain tube is:
Continuous
This slow forming clot contains all of the blood elements, separated into layers of RBC’s, WBC’s, and other elements. It is called:
Chicken-fat clot
When arteriosclerosis is present, the artery generally best suited for injection of the artery fluid would be the:
Common carotid
Injection and drainage from one location
One point injection
Two or more complete injection sites
Multi-point injection
Raising both common carotids
Restricted cervical
Injection and drainage from separate
Split injection
Injection of an individual area
Regional
Indicated by the injector needle when the injector motor is running and the arterial tubing is clamped off
Potential pressure
Between potential and actual
Differential pressure
Tube open and fluid running
Actual pressure
The action of a force against an opposing force
Pressure
Whatever pressure is necessary to overcome an opposing force
Recommended pressure
When using the gravity method of obtaining pressure for injection arterial fluid, the embalmer can expect to receive approximately how many pounds of pressure per foot of elevation about the point of injection:
1/2
The passage of arterial solution from the capillaries into the intercellular spaces is which of the following processes:
Diffusion
The passage of arterial solution through the capillary wall caused by positive intravascular pressure is which of the following processes:
Pressure filtration
The temporary rise in the body temperature, which may occur after death, is correctly referred to as which of the following:
Post-mortem caloricity
Clostridium welchii produces:
Gas
Formaldehyde was discovered by:
Butlerov
A device employed for the expansion of the lumen of veins in order to make possible the insertion of the drainage tube is a:
Groove director
Oxidation of food products in the tissues causes:
Postmortem caloricity
Which of the following equipment / instruments would not be used in aspirating remains:
Aneurysm hook
Which artery is closes to the center of circulation:
Arch of the aorta
The post-mortem action of swelling and softening of tissues and organs, as a direct result of moisture absorption by the surroundings, refers specifically to:
Imbibition
The abdominal aorta continues as:
Iliac arteries
The process through which most embalming chemicals are passed from the interstitial fluids through the cell wall into the cell
Osmosis
A solution having a lower concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared
Hypotonic
A solution having an equal concentration of dissolved solute to that of a standard reference
Isotonic
A solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared
Hypertonic
This makes it possible for the penetration of embalming solvents and solutes
Osmotic pressure
When the human body ceases to function as an organized unit due to the death of 1 of the 3 vital organs, the type of death is:
Somatic
Rigor mortis:
- Never develops in a body dying from a febrile disease
- May result in a warming of the body in certain situations
- Is reduced by flexing and extending
- Is a synonym for postmortem caloricity
- Is removed by normal arterial embalming
Is reduced by flexing and extending
Continuous drainage during injection is called:
Concurrent
Which of the following is an extrinsic factor to be considered in embalming a dead human body:
- Pathological conditions
- Body moisture
- Atmospheric conditions
- Fever
Atmospheric conditions
The typical post-mortem blood clot is correctly referred to as:
Chicken fat clot
The mode of death which originates specifically with the heart is termed as:
Syncope
A decrease in recorded body temperature during the interval just prior to somatic death is called:
Agonal algor
What pathological condition would predispose a body to fluid distribution problems?
Phlebitis
Variable factors encountered with every dead human body are classified as:
- Intrinsic
* Extrinsic
In positioning the body, the face should be tilted to the right about:
15 degrees
A temporary condition of apparent death, in which there is a definite interruption in respiration, as well as a loss of consciousness is referred to as:
Suspended animation
That artist who was believed to have injected the arterial system, in an attempt to preserve the tissues long enough to dissect and study them, was:
Leonardo DaVinci
After death has occurred, most blood is found in:
Capillaries
