Respitory Emergency

Question 1

What does the term “arrest” refer to?

Answer 1

Stopping/ceasing

Question 2

Functions of respiratory System

Answer 2

• extract oxygen from atmosphere
• Excrete carbon dioxide
• temperature control (to a small degree)

Question 3

Components of the respiratory system

Answer 3

• nose
• pharynx
• Larynx
• trachea
• bronchus
• bronchioles
• alveoli

Question 4

What increases breathing rate?

Answer 4

Exercise/temperature/shock/lung function/drugs

Question 5

Where in the respiratory system does gas exchange take place?

Answer 5

Alveoli

Question 6

What is the normal breathing rate of an adult?

Answer 6

12-20BPM

Question 7

What is the normal breathing rate of a child?

Answer 7

20-30

Question 8

What is the normal breathing rate of an infant?

Answer 8

20-30BPM

WRONG

Question 9

What is the normal breathing rate of a newborn?

Answer 9

30-50BPM

Question 10

What decreases normal breathing rate ?

Answer 10

• head injury
  -physical fitness of patient
• Drugs
• Agonal respirations
• Rest

Question 11

What percentage of air composition is oxygen?

Answer 11

20%

Question 12

What percentage of oxygen is in expired air?

Answer 12

16%

Question 13

What makes us breathe?

Answer 13

Chemoreceptors

Question 14

What are chemoreceptors?

Answer 14

They are situated in the arch of the aorta and carotid bodies are very sensitive to changes in levels of carbon dioxide

Question 15

What will happen if there is an increase in carbon dioxide?

Answer 15

Breathing rate will increase

Question 16

What makes us breathe?

Answer 16

• chemoreceptors pick up high levels of CO2
• the respiratory centre tells the diaphragm and accessory muscles to contract
• breathing rate may increase

Question 17

What is hypoxic drive?

Answer 17

The peripheral chemo receptors are sensitive to the levels of oxygen in the body. They will send a signal to breathe when the partial pressure of oxygen begins to fall

Question 18

What is hypoxia?

Answer 18

a state in which oxygen is not available in sufficient amounts at the tissue level to maintain adequate homeostasis

Question 19

What is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Answer 19

COPD
Level of carbon dioxide is chronically elevated

Question 20

What diseases cause COPD?

Answer 20

• emphysema
• bronchitis
• asthma

Question 21

What is emphysema?

Answer 21

a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that damages the air sacs in your lungs and makes it hard to breathe

Question 22

What is bronchitis?

Answer 22

an infection of the main airways of the lungs (bronchi), causing them to become irritated and inflamed

Question 23

What is asthma?

Answer 23

a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and may produce extra mucus

Question 24

What is Respiratory arrest?

Answer 24

The complete cessation of breathing by the patient

Question 25

What is inadequate breathing?

Answer 25

Is usually defined as a rate of below 10 and above 29 with signs of distress or shock

Question 26

What causes respiratory arrest?

Answer 26

- blockage is the respiratory tract I.e FBAO/blood/vomit - chest or lung trauma - paralysis of respiratory nerves I.e drug overdose

Question 27

What causes respiratory arrest?

Answer 27

COPD - emphysema - Bronchitis EPISODIC - asthma

Question 28

Signs of respiratory depression secondary to narcotic overdose

Answer 28

- respirations reduced and shallow - other clues include pinpoint pupils - if detected the effects can be reversed (CALL ALS)

Question 29

What does the term “pink puffers” refer to

Answer 29

Patients with emphysema tent to have pink skin, pursed lip oh expiration, thin

Question 30

How does a emphysema patient present?

Answer 30

- usually thin - pinky skin colour - tachypnea/dyspnea - right sided heart failure may be present - pursed lips on expiration - well developed chest “barrel chest”

Question 31

What does tachypnea mean?

Answer 31

Rapid and shallow breathing

Question 32

What is dyspnea? | DIS-A-PNEA

Answer 32

Sensation of running out of air and not being able to breathe fast/deeply enough

Question 33

What is Bronchitis?

Answer 33

A form of COAD (chronic obstructive airway disease) characterised by excess mucus production in the airway

Question 34

Is bronchitis viral or bacterial?

Answer 34

It’s can be either

Question 35

What does COAD stand for?

Answer 35

Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease

Question 36

What is an exacerbation of COPD defined as?

Answer 36

An event in the natural course of the disease characterised by a change in the patient’s baseline dyspnoea, cough and/or sputum beyond day-to-day variability sufficient to warrant a change in management

Question 37

What is bronchitis?

Answer 37

There is reduced surface area for gas exchange Productive cough (greeny yellow in colour, often brown because of smoking)

Question 38

How to patients with bronchitis usually present?

Answer 38

Usually over weight Often referred to as “blue bloaters”

Question 39

How does a patient with asthma present?

Answer 39

Tripod position Expiratory wheezes Most common in children

Question 40

How are asthma attacks induced?

Answer 40

By triggers: Stress/environment/exercise/certain drugs

Question 41

What is status asthmaticus?

Answer 41

A prolonged attack which may become life threatening

Question 42

What are concerns with a quiet asthmatic?

Answer 42

Very little air going in or out Typically repetitive condition

Question 43

What is the function of a brown inhaler

Answer 43

Prevention inhaler

Question 44

What is the function of a blue asthma inhalers?

Answer 44

Rapid relief

Question 45

What is a nebulizar

Answer 45

A drug delivery system administered via mask as a mist

Question 46

Treatment for Respiratory Emergency

Answer 46

- provide Basic Life Support (BVM if necessary using 100% exigen - administer oxygen to relieve hypoxia - monitor vital signs - position for comfort (usually upright) - note medications - keep patient calm

Question 47

What is stridor?

Answer 47

a variable, high-pitched respiratory sound that can be assessed during breathing

Question 48

What is bronchiolitis?

Answer 48

Type of chest infection

Question 49

Signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis

Answer 49

- can be difficult to distinguish from asthma - child’s age can be a clue

Question 50

During a foreign Body Airway Obstruction what is done after each cycle of CPR?

Answer 50

Open mouth and look for object, if visible, make one attempt to remove

Question 51

How does stridor present?

Answer 51

Harsh sound produced near or at the larynx by the vibration or upper airway structure, and is predominantly

Question 52

Causes of stridor?

Answer 52

- croup - epiglottis - acute bacterial tracheitis - FBOA

Question 53

What are signs of croup?

Answer 53

- hypoxia/cyanosis - marked respiratory distress - stridor - irritability or lethargy - marked increased respiratory rate *if persistent treat as Severe * if intermittent treat as moderate

Question 54

After how many minutes can nebulised adrenaline be repeated?

Answer 54

30

Question 55

# thefuck What is the maximum dexamathasone dose that can be administered in 72hrs?

Answer 55

600mcg/Kg

Question 56

What is a tracheostomy?

Answer 56

An opening in the front of the neck that is made to allow for an airway for patients who cannot breathe. Diseases such as cancer may require this procedure

Question 57

What is a temporary tracheostomy used for?

Answer 57

When there is a blockage or injury to the windpipe. Also can be used for Severe pneumonia/heart attack/stroke

Question 58

What is a permanent tracheostomy used for?

Answer 58

When part of the trachea needs to be removed due to a disease eg. Cancer

Question 59

What is a tracheostomy?

Answer 59

A hole is created into the trachea through an incision through the neck

Question 60

When is a tracheostomy used for?

Answer 60

To treat airway obstruction

Question 61

When would you use humidified O2

Answer 61

- stridor - inhalation burn - long term use (greater than 30 mins)