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EMT > Respitory Emergency > Flashcards

Respitory Emergency Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the term “arrest” refer to?

A

Stopping/ceasing

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2
Q

Functions of respiratory System

A
  • extract oxygen from atmosphere
  • Excrete carbon dioxide
  • temperature control (to a small degree)
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3
Q

Components of the respiratory system

A
  • nose
  • pharynx
  • Larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchus
  • bronchioles
  • alveoli
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4
Q

What increases breathing rate?

A

Exercise/temperature/shock/lung function/drugs

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5
Q

Where in the respiratory system does gas exchange take place?

A

Alveoli

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6
Q

What is the normal breathing rate of an adult?

A

12-20BPM

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7
Q

What is the normal breathing rate of a child?

A

20-30

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8
Q

What is the normal breathing rate of an infant?

A

20-30BPM

WRONG

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9
Q

What is the normal breathing rate of a newborn?

A

30-50BPM

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10
Q

What decreases normal breathing rate ?

A
  • head injury
    -physical fitness of patient
  • Drugs
  • Agonal respirations
  • Rest
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11
Q

What percentage of air composition is oxygen?

A

20%

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12
Q

What percentage of oxygen is in expired air?

A

16%

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13
Q

What makes us breathe?

A

Chemoreceptors

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14
Q

What are chemoreceptors?

A

They are situated in the arch of the aorta and carotid bodies are very sensitive to changes in levels of carbon dioxide

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15
Q

What will happen if there is an increase in carbon dioxide?

A

Breathing rate will increase

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16
Q

What makes us breathe?

A
  • chemoreceptors pick up high levels of CO2
  • the respiratory centre tells the diaphragm and accessory muscles to contract
  • breathing rate may increase
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17
Q

What is hypoxic drive?

A

The peripheral chemo receptors are sensitive to the levels of oxygen in the body. They will send a signal to breathe when the partial pressure of oxygen begins to fall

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18
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

a state in which oxygen is not available in sufficient amounts at the tissue level to maintain adequate homeostasis

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19
Q

What is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

A

COPD
Level of carbon dioxide is chronically elevated

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20
Q

What diseases cause COPD?

A
  • emphysema
  • bronchitis
  • asthma
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21
Q

What is emphysema?

A

a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that damages the air sacs in your lungs and makes it hard to breathe

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22
Q

What is bronchitis?

A

an infection of the main airways of the lungs (bronchi), causing them to become irritated and inflamed

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23
Q

What is asthma?

A

a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and may produce extra mucus

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24
Q

What is Respiratory arrest?

A

The complete cessation of breathing by the patient

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25
Q

What is inadequate breathing?

A

Is usually defined as a rate of below 10 and above 29 with signs of distress or shock

26
Q

What causes respiratory arrest?

A
  • blockage is the respiratory tract I.e FBAO/blood/vomit
  • chest or lung trauma
  • paralysis of respiratory nerves I.e drug overdose
27
Q

What causes respiratory arrest?

A

COPD
- emphysema
- Bronchitis
EPISODIC
- asthma

28
Q

Signs of respiratory depression secondary to narcotic overdose

A
  • respirations reduced and shallow
  • other clues include pinpoint pupils
  • if detected the effects can be reversed
    (CALL ALS)
29
Q

What does the term “pink puffers” refer to

A

Patients with emphysema tent to have pink skin, pursed lip oh expiration, thin

30
Q

How does a emphysema patient present?

A
  • usually thin
  • pinky skin colour
  • tachypnea/dyspnea
  • right sided heart failure may be present
  • pursed lips on expiration
  • well developed chest “barrel chest”
31
Q

What does tachypnea mean?

A

Rapid and shallow breathing

32
Q

What is dyspnea?

DIS-A-PNEA

A

Sensation of running out of air and not being able to breathe fast/deeply enough

33
Q

What is Bronchitis?

A

A form of COAD (chronic obstructive airway disease) characterised by excess mucus production in the airway

34
Q

Is bronchitis viral or bacterial?

A

It’s can be either

35
Q

What does COAD stand for?

A

Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease

36
Q

What is an exacerbation of COPD defined as?

A

An event in the natural course of the disease characterised by a change in the patient’s baseline dyspnoea, cough and/or sputum beyond day-to-day variability sufficient to warrant a change in management

37
Q

What is bronchitis?

A

There is reduced surface area for gas exchange
Productive cough (greeny yellow in colour, often brown because of smoking)

38
Q

How to patients with bronchitis usually present?

A

Usually over weight
Often referred to as “blue bloaters”

39
Q

How does a patient with asthma present?

A

Tripod position
Expiratory wheezes
Most common in children

40
Q

How are asthma attacks induced?

A

By triggers:
Stress/environment/exercise/certain drugs

41
Q

What is status asthmaticus?

A

A prolonged attack which may become life threatening

42
Q

What are concerns with a quiet asthmatic?

A

Very little air going in or out
Typically repetitive condition

43
Q

What is the function of a brown inhaler

A

Prevention inhaler

44
Q

What is the function of a blue asthma inhalers?

A

Rapid relief

45
Q

What is a nebulizar

A

A drug delivery system administered via mask as a mist

46
Q

Treatment for Respiratory Emergency

A
  • provide Basic Life Support (BVM if necessary using 100% exigen
  • administer oxygen to relieve hypoxia - monitor vital signs
  • position for comfort (usually upright)
  • note medications
  • keep patient calm
47
Q

What is stridor?

A

a variable, high-pitched respiratory sound that can be assessed during breathing

48
Q

What is bronchiolitis?

A

Type of chest infection

49
Q

Signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis

A
  • can be difficult to distinguish from asthma
  • child’s age can be a clue
50
Q

During a foreign Body Airway Obstruction what is done after each cycle of CPR?

A

Open mouth and look for object, if visible, make one attempt to remove

51
Q

How does stridor present?

A

Harsh sound produced near or at the larynx by the vibration or upper airway structure, and is predominantly

52
Q

Causes of stridor?

A
  • croup
  • epiglottis
  • acute bacterial tracheitis
  • FBOA
53
Q

What are signs of croup?

A
  • hypoxia/cyanosis
  • marked respiratory distress
  • stridor
  • irritability or lethargy
  • marked increased respiratory rate

*if persistent treat as Severe
* if intermittent treat as moderate

54
Q

After how many minutes can nebulised adrenaline be repeated?

A

30

55
Q

thefuck

What is the maximum dexamathasone dose that can be administered in 72hrs?

A

600mcg/Kg

56
Q

What is a tracheostomy?

A

An opening in the front of the neck that is made to allow for an airway for patients who cannot breathe. Diseases such as cancer may require this procedure

57
Q

What is a temporary tracheostomy used for?

A

When there is a blockage or injury to the windpipe. Also can be used for Severe pneumonia/heart attack/stroke

58
Q

What is a permanent tracheostomy used for?

A

When part of the trachea needs to be removed due to a disease eg. Cancer

59
Q

What is a tracheostomy?

A

A hole is created into the trachea through an incision through the neck

60
Q

When is a tracheostomy used for?

A

To treat airway obstruction

61
Q

When would you use humidified O2

A
  • stridor
  • inhalation burn
  • long term use (greater than 30 mins)

EMT (45 decks)

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