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EMT > RED BOXES > Flashcards

RED BOXES Flashcards

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1
Q

PRIMARY SURVEY

A
  • PRIMARY SURVEY FOCUSES ON ESTABLISHING PATIENT’S CLINICAL STATUS
  • ONLY APPLYING INTERVENTIONS ESSENTIAL TO MAINTAIN LIFE.
  • IT SHOULD BE COMPLETED IN UNDER 1 MINUTE OF ARRIVAL ON SCENE
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2
Q

MAXIMUM TIME ON SCENE FOR LIFE-THREATENING TRAUMA

A

EQUAL OR LESS THAN 10 MINUTES

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3
Q

MARKERS IDENTIFYING ACUTELY UNWELL

A

CARDIAC CHEST PAIN
ACUTE PAIN >5

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4
Q

MARKERS FOR MULTI-SYSTEM TRAUMA

A

SYSTOLIC BP <90
RESP RATE <10 0R >29
HEART RATE >120
AVPU = V/P/U
MECHANISM OF INJURY

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5
Q

ADULT PRESENTING WITH FBAO
WHAT IS DONE AFTER EACH CYCLE OF CPR

A

OPEN MOUTH LOOK FOR OBJECT
IF VISIBLE, ATTEMPT TO REMOVE

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6
Q

WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM HANDS OFF TIME FOR CPR

A

10 SECONDS

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7
Q

WHAT IS DONE FOLLOWING SUCCESSFUL ADVANCED AIRWAY MANAGEMENT

A
  • VENTILATE AT 8 TO 10 PER MINUTE
  • UNSYNCHRONISED CHEST COMPRESSIONS CONTINUOUS AT 100-120 PER MINUTE
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8
Q

FOR ABNORMAL WORK OF BREATHING

WHAT WOULD YOU CONSIDER FOR A RAISED ETCO2 + REDUCED SPO2

A

CONSIDER ASSITED VENTILATION

End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2)

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9
Q

FOR ABNORMAL WORK OF BREATHING

WHAT WOULD YOU DO IF THEY HAVE RAISED ETCO2 + NORMAL SPO2

A

ENCOURAGE DEEP BREATHS

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10
Q

FOR EXACERBATED COPD

WHAT PERCENTAGE DO YOU COMMENCE OXYGEN THERAPY AT?

A

28% AND TITRATE TO 92%

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11
Q

FOR EXACERBATION OF COPD

IF THERE IS NO IMPROVEMENT FROM SALBUTAMOL, WHAT INTERVALS CAN YOU ADMINISTER IT AT?

A

5 MINUTES

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12
Q

:(

A

Perforated esophageal intervention focus

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13
Q

IN ADULTS WITH ASTHMA

IF THERE ARE NO IMPROVEMENTS FROM SALBUTAMOL AEROSOL, HOW MANY TIMES CAN IT BE REPEATED

A

11 TIMES

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14
Q

positive means good

WHAT DOES A POSITIVE ETCO2 READING INDICATED ABOUT AN AIRWAY?

A

PATENT OR PARTIAL PATENT AIRWAY

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15
Q

WHAT IS A PATENT AIRWAY?

A

the ability of a person to breathe, with airflow passing to and from the respiratory system through the oral and nasal passages

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16
Q

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF BRADYCARDIA?

A
  • ACUTE ALTERED MENTAL STATUS
  • ISCHEMIC CHEST DISCOMFORT
  • ACUTE HEART FAILURE
  • HYPOTENSION
  • SIGNS OF SHOCK
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17
Q

WHAT IS TRANSPORTED ALONGSIDE SOMEONE SUFFERING FROM DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS?

A

DIVE COMPUTER AND DIVE EQUIPMENT

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18
Q

WHAT OXYGEN THERAPY IS ADMINISTERED TO A PATIENT IN SICKLE CELL CRISIS?

A

15L OXYGEN VIA NON-REBREATHER FACEMASK

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19
Q

WHAT ARE CAUSES OF SEIZURES IN ADULTS?

A
  • MENINGITIS
  • HEAD INJURY
  • HYPOGLYCAEMIA
  • ECLAMPSIA
  • FEVER
  • POISONS
20
Q

FHFFP

A

FACE
HANDS
FEET
FLEXION POINTS
PERINIUM

21
Q

HARNESS INDUCED SUSPENSION TRAUMA

WHEN IS THE HARNESS REMOVED IF CIRCULATION IS COMPROMISED

A

WHEN PATIENT IS LOWERED TO GROUND

22
Q

HIGH RISK FACTORS FOR SPINAL INJURY

A
  • MECHANISM OF INJURY
  • FALL FROM HEIGHT >1M OR >5 STEPS
  • AXIAL LOAD TO THE HEAD OR BASE OF THE SPINE EG. DIVING
  • ALOC
  • AGED 65+
  • AGE 2 OR LESS
23
Q

SPINAL INJURY RULE IN CONSIDERATIONS

A
  • ALOC
  • IMMEDIATE ONSET SPINAL/BACK PAIN
  • HAND OR FOOT WEAKNESS
  • ABSENT/ALTERED SENSATION TO HANDS/FEET
  • PRIAPISM
  • HISTORY OF PAST SPINAL ISSUES
  • UNABLE TO ROTATE NECK LEFT/RIGHT 45º
24
Q

SUBMERSION/IMMERSION INCIDENT

WHAT SHOULD THE PRACTITIONER GIVING VENTILATIONS CONSIDER?

A

NEEDING TO APPLY HIGHER PRESSURE FOR VENTILATION BECAUSE OF POOR COMPLIANCE RESULTING FROM PULMONARY OEDEMA

24
Q

HOW LONG IS THE PULSE CHECK FOR A HYPOTHERMIC PATIENT

A

30-45 SECONDS

25
Q

EVIDENCE FOR AT RISK CRITERIA FOR SEPSIS

A
  • ANY ONE CLINICAL SIGN OF ACUTE ORGAN DYSFUNCTION
  • AT RISK OF NEUTROPENIA (BONE MARROW FAILURE/CHEMO/AUTOIMUNE DISORDER)
  • GREATER OR EQUAL TO 2 SIRS CRITERIA PLUS 1 OR MORE CO-MORBIDITY
26
Q

SIGNS OF SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME (SIRS)

A

-TEMP LESS THAN 36º OR MORE THAN 38.3º
- HEART RATE 90+
- RESP RATE 20+
- ACUTELY CONFUSED
- GLUCOSE OVER 7.7 (NON-DIABETIC)
- PATIENT HAS 2 OR MORE SIGNS OF SIRS

27
Q

NEW BORN/ NEONATAL CARE

MR SOPA (PA NOT RELEVANT)

A

MASK ADJUSTMENT
REPOSITION AIRWAY

SUCTION MOUTH + NOSE
OPEN MOUTH
PRESSURE INCREASE
ALTERNATIVE AIRWAY

28
Q

ESTIMATED WEIGHT OF A NEONATE

A

3.5KG

29
Q

ESTIMATED WEIGHT OF A 6MNTH OLD

A

6KG

30
Q

ESTIMATED WEIGHT 1-5YRS

A

(AGE X 2) + 8KG

31
Q

WHAT IS THE PAEDIATRIC ASSESSMENT TRIANGLE?

A

APPEARANCE
WORK OF BREATHING
CIRCULATION OF SKIN

32
Q

PAEDIATRIC

SIGNS OF CROUPE

A
  • HYPOXIA
  • MARKED RESPITORY
  • STRIDOR
  • IRRITABILITY/LETHARGY
  • MARKED INCREASED RESP RATE
33
Q

SHOCK FROM BLOOD LOSS

SIGNS OF INADEQUATE PERFUSION

A
  • INCREASED RESP RATE
  • TACHYCARDIA
  • DELAYED CAP REFILL
  • DIMINISHED/ABSENT PERIPHERAL PULSES
  • IRRITABILITY/CONFUSION/ALOC
  • COOL EXTREMITY/MOTTLING
34
Q

SEPSIS - PAEDIATRIC

SEPSIS RED FLAG ≥ 1

CHICA

A
  • ALTERED MENTAL STATUS (P/U)
  • INAPROPRIATE TACHYCARDIA
  • LONG CAP REFIL
  • HYPOTENSION
  • CLINICAL DETERIORATION
35
Q

SEPSIS - PAEDIATRIC

SEPSIS AMBER FLAG ≥1

VAPPI

A
  • INAPPROPRIATE TACHYPONEA
  • ALTERED FUNCTIONAL STATUS
  • PRACTITIONER CONCERN
  • PARENTAL CONCERN
  • VITAL SIGN DETERIORATION
36
Q

SEPSIS - PAEDIATRIC

RISK FACTORS

A
  • IMMUNOCOMPROMISED
  • AGE ≤3 MNTHS
  • CHRONIC DISEASE
  • RECENT SURGERY
  • BREAK IN SKIN (EG. CHICKEN POX)
  • INDWELLING LINE/DEVICE
  • SIGNS OF INFECTION IN WOUND
  • INCOMPLETE VACCINATION RECORD
37
Q

INFANT AED

PAD PLACEMENT

A

FRONT AND BACK

38
Q

PAEDIATRIC AED

WHAT IS THE AGE FOR THE USE OF PAEDIATRIC DEFIB SYSTEMS

A

UNDER 8

39
Q

WHAT IS THE COMPRESSION/VENTILLATION RATE FOR A CHILD UNDER 12

A

15:2

40
Q

WHAT IS THE RATE OF COMPRESSIONS/VENTILLATIONS FOR SOMEONE OVER 12

A

30:2

41
Q

VF/VT PAEDIATRIC

POSSIBLE CAUSES

A
  • HYPOTHERMIA
  • HYPOXIA
  • HYPOVALEMIA
  • TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX
  • TOXINS
  • TRAUMA
  • THROMBUS- CORNONARY
  • HYPER/HYPOKALAEMIA
42
Q

ADULT BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

RATE OF COMPRESSIONS

A

100-120/MIN

43
Q

ADULT BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

DEPTH OF COMPRESSIONS

A

5-6CM

44
Q

ADULT

WHAT IS THE VENTILLATION VOLUME

A

500-600ML

45
Q

WHEN IS A PULSE CHECK DONE DURING CPR

A

AFTER 2 MINS OF CPR IF POTENTIALLY PERFUSING RYTHM

46
Q

DEFINITIVE INDICATORS OF DEATH

A
  • INCINERATION
  • RIGOR MORTIS
  • OBVIOUS POOLING (HYPOSTASIS)
  • INCINERATION
  • DECAPITATION
  • INJURYS INCOMPATIBLE WITH LIFE

EMT (45 decks)

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