Paediatrics

Question 1

What does the TICLS mnemonic stand for?

Answer 1

TONE
INTERACTIVENESS
CONSOLABILITY
LOOK/GAZE
SPEECH

Question 2

What are types of abnormal breathing sounds?

Answer 2

Snoring, muffled/hoarse speech, stridor, grunting, wheezing

Question 3

What can grunting suggest in paediatrics?

Answer 3

• refracts poor gas exchange
• suggests moderate to severe hypoxia
• short low pitch sound

Question 4

What is a dead giveaway that a kid has croup ?

Answer 4

Barking cough woof

Question 5

What are the three characteristics of skin circulation?

Answer 5

PALLOR
MOTTLING
CYANOSIS

Question 6

What causes cyanosis?

Answer 6

Late finding of respiratory failure or shock. There’s a good chance they’re hypoxic

Question 7

How will cyanosis present?

Answer 7

Bluish discolouration of skin/mucous membranes

Question 8

How does mottling present?

Answer 8

Patchy skin discolouration due to variable vasoconstriction

Question 9

How does Pallor present?

Answer 9

White/pale skin or mucous membranes

Question 10

What is croup?

Answer 10

• VIRAL INFECTION of the UPPER AIRWAY
• most common cause of upper airway emergencies in kids
• transmitted by respiratory secretions
• STRIDOR is a key sign of croup
• BARKING COUGH

Question 11

What is epiglottitis?

Answer 11

• inflammation of supraglottic structures
• rare
• classic presentation
• symptoms progress rapidly
• minimise scene time

Question 12

What is a sign of epiglottitis in paediatrics?

Answer 12

Excessive drooling
(Check with the parents to see what is normal)

Question 13

How do u treat an asthma attack in a child care over the age of 5?

Answer 13

Salbutamol
5mg NEB/ 100mcg metered aerosol spray (spray repeat x11)
(NEB AT 5 minute intervals)

Question 14

How do u treat an asthma attack in a child under the age of 5?

Answer 14

2.5mg NEB
100mcg metered spray (repeat x 5)

Question 15

What is bronchiolitis?

Answer 15

• INFLAMMATION OF SMALL AIRWAYS IN LOWER RESP TRACT
• MOST COMMON SOURCE OF RESP VIRUS
• MOSTLY AFFECTS KIDS UNDER 2
• DIFFICULT TO TELL APART FROM ASTHMA BUT AGE IS A CLUE SIRRRRRRR

Question 16

What is the average pulse rate for a child ages 1-3?

Answer 16

75-130

Question 17

What is the average pulse rate for a 4-6 year old?

Answer 17

70-110

Question 18

What is the average pulse rate for a child over the age of 7?

Answer 18

60-90

Question 19

What are the average respirations for a 1-3 year old?

Answer 19

20-30

Question 20

What are the average respirations for a 4-6 year old?

Answer 20

16-24

Question 21

What are the respirations for a child aged over 7-16?

Answer 21

14-20

Question 22

What is the estimated weight of a neonate?

Answer 22

3.5KG

Question 23

What is the estimated weight for a 6 month old?

Answer 23

6KG

Question 24

What is the estimated weight for a 1-5 year old?

Answer 24

(Age x 2) + 8

Question 25

What is the estimated weight for a child aged 5-16?

Answer 25

(Age x 3) + 7

Question 26

When would u use a non rebreathing face mask on a child?

Answer 26

Significant respiratory distress or respiratory failure

Question 27

What could cause a child to have convulsions?

Answer 27

ABNORMAL CEREBRAL ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES
- manifest as abnormal motor activity and an altered LOC
- underlying brain abnormalities as a result of trauma/infection/metabolic disturbances
- convulsions associated with fever are unique to young children (pyrexia)

Question 28

How is bradycardia defined in an infant/child

Answer 28

Less than 80BPM/ LESS THAN 60 BPM

Question 29

What is a fever?

Answer 29

Temperature greater than 38°C