Paediatrics Flashcards
What does the TICLS mnemonic stand for?
TONE
INTERACTIVENESS
CONSOLABILITY
LOOK/GAZE
SPEECH
What are types of abnormal breathing sounds?
Snoring, muffled/hoarse speech, stridor, grunting, wheezing
What can grunting suggest in paediatrics?
- refracts poor gas exchange
- suggests moderate to severe hypoxia
- short low pitch sound
What is a dead giveaway that a kid has croup ?
Barking cough woof
What are the three characteristics of skin circulation?
PALLOR
MOTTLING
CYANOSIS
What causes cyanosis?
Late finding of respiratory failure or shock. There’s a good chance they’re hypoxic
How will cyanosis present?
Bluish discolouration of skin/mucous membranes
How does mottling present?
Patchy skin discolouration due to variable vasoconstriction
How does Pallor present?
White/pale skin or mucous membranes
What is croup?
- VIRAL INFECTION of the UPPER AIRWAY
- most common cause of upper airway emergencies in kids
- transmitted by respiratory secretions
- STRIDOR is a key sign of croup
- BARKING COUGH
What is epiglottitis?
- inflammation of supraglottic structures
- rare
- classic presentation
- symptoms progress rapidly
- minimise scene time
What is a sign of epiglottitis in paediatrics?
Excessive drooling
(Check with the parents to see what is normal)
How do u treat an asthma attack in a child care over the age of 5?
Salbutamol
5mg NEB/ 100mcg metered aerosol spray (spray repeat x11)
(NEB AT 5 minute intervals)
How do u treat an asthma attack in a child under the age of 5?
2.5mg NEB
100mcg metered spray (repeat x 5)
What is bronchiolitis?
- INFLAMMATION OF SMALL AIRWAYS IN LOWER RESP TRACT
- MOST COMMON SOURCE OF RESP VIRUS
- MOSTLY AFFECTS KIDS UNDER 2
- DIFFICULT TO TELL APART FROM ASTHMA BUT AGE IS A CLUE SIRRRRRRR
What is the average pulse rate for a child ages 1-3?
75-130
What is the average pulse rate for a 4-6 year old?
70-110
What is the average pulse rate for a child over the age of 7?
60-90
What are the average respirations for a 1-3 year old?
20-30
What are the average respirations for a 4-6 year old?
16-24
What are the respirations for a child aged over 7-16?
14-20
What is the estimated weight of a neonate?
3.5KG
What is the estimated weight for a 6 month old?
6KG
What is the estimated weight for a 1-5 year old?
(Age x 2) + 8
What is the estimated weight for a child aged 5-16?
(Age x 3) + 7
When would u use a non rebreathing face mask on a child?
Significant respiratory distress or respiratory failure
What could cause a child to have convulsions?
ABNORMAL CEREBRAL ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES
- manifest as abnormal motor activity and an altered LOC
- underlying brain abnormalities as a result of trauma/infection/metabolic disturbances
- convulsions associated with fever are unique to young children (pyrexia)
How is bradycardia defined in an infant/child
Less than 80BPM/ LESS THAN 60 BPM
What is a fever?
Temperature greater than 38°C
