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EMT > PREGNANCY RELATED EMERGENCIES > Flashcards

PREGNANCY RELATED EMERGENCIES Flashcards

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1
Q

What is considered a full term baby?

A

37-40 weeks

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2
Q

What is considered a pre-mature baby?

A

earlier than 37 weeks

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3
Q

What is considered a late birth?

A

42 weeks

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4
Q

what is a multiparous woman?

A

having given birth one or more times before in the past

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5
Q

How long do contractions typically last?

A

30-70 seconds

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6
Q

What are BRAXTON HICKS contractions?

A

contractions that are irregular and inconsistent. woman is not in labour

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7
Q

What is the 5-1-1 rule

A

Contractions come every 5 minutes, lasting 1 minute, for at least 1 hour

TIME FOR HOSPITAL

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8
Q

what is MECONIUM?

A

baby’s first poo
sign of fetal distress if it happens while baby is in utero

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9
Q

What is a mucus plug/bloody show?

(normal)

A

sits inside cervix during pregnancy to keep cervix closed

“a collection of mucus that forms in the cervical canal in early pregnancy”

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10
Q

What is gestational diabetes?

A

diabetes during pregnancy

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11
Q

Why is high blood pressure a concern in pregnancy?

A

lacking blood flow
woman could get pre-eclampsia

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12
Q

What is parity?

A

the number of times a woman has given birth to a foetus with a gestational age of 24 weeks or more, regardless of whether the child was born alive/still born

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13
Q

what is the median gestational TIME for delivery of twins in ireland ?

A

37.1

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14
Q

What is the left lateral tilt?

A

for patients more than 20 weeks of gestation, the patient should be tilted 15º
prevents supine hypotension syndrome

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15
Q

what is the major concern of supine hypotension syndrome

A

baby isnt getting enough blood
can decrease mothers cardiac output by 28%

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16
Q

What is pre-eclampsia?

A

High blood pressure
signs of damage to another organ system (most often to liver/kidneys)

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17
Q

What is the pre-hospital diagnosis of pre-eclampsia?

A
  • after 20 weeks of pregnancy
  • New hypertension >140/90 x 2 readings 15 mins apart
  • epigastric pain/vomiting
  • pulmonary oedema
  • reduced fetal movements
  • new onset headaches/ visual disturbances
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18
Q

What is PV bleeding?

A

Per Vagina bleeding

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19
Q

How do u assess PV bleeding?

A

ask patient to describe bleeding?
volume/colour/consistency/location

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20
Q

If there is PV bleeding, when would u pre-alert the ED?

A

if there is:
- pain
- high/low BP
- shock
- low placenta
- shoulder tip pain
- SEPSIS

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21
Q

What is low placenta?

A

placenta is attached lower in the uterus

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22
Q

What is placental abruption?

A

placenta has come away from the wall

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23
Q

What placenta previa?

A

low placenta

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24
Q

what is a miscarriage?

A

foetus that has been delivered/not survived before 24 weeks

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25
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

A

pregnancy that implants outside the uterus

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26
Q

What is a molar pregnancy?

A

RARE
abnormal collection of cells in uterus

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27
Q

What is incompetent pregnancy/CERVIX?

A

cervix opens too early

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28
Q

What is a uterine rupture?

A

rupture of the uterus

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29
Q

What are the different classifications of miscarriage?

A
  • Threatened
  • inevitable
  • incomplete
  • complete
  • missed
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30
Q

What is a threatened miscarriage?

A

there are signs and symptoms of miscarriage, but might not happen

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31
Q

What is an inevitable miscarriage?

A

miscarriage is inevitable

32
Q

What is an incomplete miscarriage?

A

not all parts from uterus has gotten out

33
Q

What is a complete miscarriage?

A

all the parts from uterus get out

34
Q

What is a missed miscarriage?

A

when a baby has died in the womb, but the mother hasn’t had any symptoms, such as bleeding or pain

35
Q

What is hyperemesis gravidarum?

A
  • vomiting more than x3 a day
  • dark coloured urine
  • severe dehydration
36
Q

What is a mal presentation?

A

any presentation other than a vertex presentation (the top of head first)

37
Q

What is the treatment for a prolapsed cord?

A

(hips higher than head) mother to adopt head down in left lateral position

38
Q

What are the three things you look for when a baby is born?

A

CRY
COLOUR
TONE

39
Q

Placenta accreta

A

a serious pregnancy condition that occurs when the placenta grows too deeply into the uterine wall.

40
Q
A
41
Q

What is the clamping distance of an umbilical cord?

A

10/15/20cm

42
Q

What is CCT?

A

CONTROLLED CORD CONTRACTION

43
Q

what is postpartum hemmorhage

A

when a woman has heavy bleeding after giving birth. It’s a serious but rare condition. It usually happens within 1 day of giving birth, but it can happen up to 12 weeks after having a baby. About 1 to 5 in 100 women who have a baby (1 to 5 percent) have PPH.

44
Q

How long is an umbilical cord at term?

A

50cm

44
Q

How many arteries/veins in the U.C

A

TWO ARTERIES
ONE VEIN

45
Q

What is cord prolapse?

A

U.C come out before the head

46
Q

What is unstable lie?

A

baby’s position keeps changing

47
Q

What is polyhydramnios?

A

there is too much amniotic fluid around the baby during pregnancy

48
Q

What is perinatal asphyxia?

A

a lack of blood flow or gas exchange to or from the fetus in the period immediately before, during, or after the birth process.

49
Q

What is shoulder dystocia?

A

when the baby’s head has been born but one of the shoulders becomes stuck behind the mother’s pubic bone, delaying the birth of the baby’s body

50
Q

Where on the U.C is it cut?

A

15-20cm clamps

51
Q

What is an episiotomy?

A

cutting of the perineum

52
Q

When does labour start?

A

4cm dilated

53
Q

What is the first stage of labour?

A

cervix dilates-to when it is fully dilated

54
Q

what is second stage of labour

A

baby being born

55
Q

what is the third stage of labour

A

placenta and cord

56
Q

first trimester

A

0-12wks + 6 days

57
Q

second trimester

A

13-27wks + 6

58
Q

third trimester

A

28wks to delivery

58
Q

What is SpO2 for a new born?

A

1 min 60-65%
—+5 every min—–
10 min 85-95%

58
Q

what is cyanosis

A

baby is blue in colour

58
Q

Baby born without normal tone/breathing/crying

A
  • warm/dry/stimulate baby
  • suction mouth BEFORE nose
59
Q

where on a baby do you take their oxygen?

A

RIGHT WRIST

60
Q

What is oxygen therapy for a term infant?

A

FiO2 21%

61
Q

what is oxygen for a preterm infant?

A

FiO2 30%

62
Q

For PPV on an infant, what is procedure?

A

single finger and thumb ventillations
count: BREATHE….2…..3

63
Q

M.R S.O.P.A

A

MASK (correct size/fit)
REPOSITION (move head to open airway)

SUCTION
OPEN MOUTH
PRESSURE
AIRWAY (alternative P/AP)

64
Q

How long is PPV done on an infant?

A

at least 30 seconds

65
Q

What is the CPR rate for infants

A

3 compressions
1 breath

(100% oxygen)- USE BVM

66
Q

Where do you check for pulse on an infact?

A

bracchial

67
Q

When do you check the pulse of an infant in distress?

A

after effective PPV

68
Q

What is pre-alert criteria for an infant?

A
  • PRETERM/LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
  • SUSPECTED CONGENITAL ANOMALY
  • PRE-IDENTIFIED COMPLICATIONS
  • CARDIAC ARREST
69
Q

What is the components of the warm chain?

A
  • Drying and wrapping the baby immediately at birth.
  • Keeping the baby warm during any procedure, including resuscitation.
  • Keeping the immediate newborn in skin-to-skin contact with the mother.
  • Early initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of the birth; the warm milk and contact with the mother’s body helps to keep the newborn baby warm.
  • Postponing bathing the newborn for the first 24 hours.
  • Keeping the baby warm during transportation.
  • Dressing the baby in appropriate clothing and bedding at all times.
70
Q

what the BGL of a newborn?

A

> 2.6mmol/L

71
Q

where is BG taken from a newborn?

A

lateral curve of foot
medial curve of foot

EMT (45 decks)

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