Cardiovascular Emergencies Flashcards
How many people die of CVD every year?
10,000
How many people die of stroke each year?
2000
What is the outer layer of the heart?
Pericardium
What is the middle layer of the heart?
Myocardium
What is the inner layer of the heart?
Endocardium
How long is a cardiac cycle?
0.8 seconds
What is complete cardiac diastole?
Relaxation of atria and ventricles
What is ventricular systole?
Contraction of the ventricles
What is automaticity?
Ability to initiate an impulse
What is excitability
Ability to respond to stimuli
What determines the pace of your heart?
SA NODE 60-100
How many impulses per minute of the SA NODE?
60-100
What is acute coronary syndrome ACS
An umbrella term for situations where the blood supplied to the heart is suddenly blocked
The blockage can be sudden and complete, or it can come and go – clot, break open, then clot again
What is hardening of the arteries?
Atherosclerosis
What is stable angina?
chest discomfort or anginal equivalent that is provoked with exertion and alleviated at rest
What is unstable angina?
chest discomfort or pain caused by an insufficient flow of blood and oxygen to the heart
What is another term for heart attack?
Acute myocardial infarction
What is angina pectoris
chest pain or discomfort that keeps coming back
What are the signs and symptoms of angina?
- Pain behind the breastbone running and spreading across the chest
- Central chest pain
- referred pain to left arm/right arm/teeth/jaw
-crushing pain - dyspnoea (shortness of breath)
- diaphoretic (cold and clammy)
What is the correct position for a CHD?
Semi recumbent position
What are the signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction
What is an electrocardiogram
- An electrical impulse travels through - cardiac tissue it can be viewed mechanically
How many deflections does a normal ECG have?
5
PQRST
how long does atrial systole take?
0.1 sec
how long does ventricular systole take?
0.3 sec
how long does complete ventricular dystole take?
0.4 sec
properties of myocardial cells?
A.C.C.E
- automaticity
- conductivity
- contractility
- excitability
what is the rate of impulse formation for SA node/AV junction/ventricles
SA: 60-100
AV: 40-60
V: 20-40
what is coronary artery disease?
hardening of arteries
what is another name for coronary artery disease?
atherosclerosis
what is the position of comfort for a patient with chest pain?
semi-recumbent
what is myocardial infarction?
Death of part of the heart muscle due to inadequate blood oxygen supply.
often described as a crushing pain
at what speed does ECG strip print?
25mm/s
what are the time intervals for a small box/large box on an ECG?
Small box .04 sec
Large box .2 sec
5 Large boxes 1 second
how long is the duration of a PR interval?
.12 to .2 sec
how long does a QRS complex take?
< .12 sec
