Cardiovascular Emergencies

Question 1

How many people die of CVD every year?

Answer 1

10,000

Question 2

How many people die of stroke each year?

Answer 2

2000

Question 3

What is the outer layer of the heart?

Answer 3

Pericardium

Question 4

What is the middle layer of the heart?

Answer 4

Myocardium

Question 5

What is the inner layer of the heart?

Answer 5

Endocardium

Question 6

How long is a cardiac cycle?

Answer 6

0.8 seconds

Question 7

What is complete cardiac diastole?

Answer 7

Relaxation of atria and ventricles

Question 8

What is ventricular systole?

Answer 8

Contraction of the ventricles

Question 9

What is automaticity?

Answer 9

Ability to initiate an impulse

Question 10

What is excitability

Answer 10

Ability to respond to stimuli

Question 11

What determines the pace of your heart?

Answer 11

SA NODE 60-100

Question 12

How many impulses per minute of the SA NODE?

Answer 12

60-100

Question 13

What is acute coronary syndrome ACS

Answer 13

An umbrella term for situations where the blood supplied to the heart is suddenly blocked

The blockage can be sudden and complete, or it can come and go – clot, break open, then clot again

Question 14

What is hardening of the arteries?

Answer 14

Atherosclerosis

Question 15

What is stable angina?

Answer 15

chest discomfort or anginal equivalent that is provoked with exertion and alleviated at rest

Question 16

What is unstable angina?

Answer 16

chest discomfort or pain caused by an insufficient flow of blood and oxygen to the heart

Question 17

What is another term for heart attack?

Answer 17

Acute myocardial infarction

Question 18

What is angina pectoris

Answer 18

chest pain or discomfort that keeps coming back

Question 19

What are the signs and symptoms of angina?

Answer 19

• Pain behind the breastbone running and spreading across the chest
• Central chest pain
• referred pain to left arm/right arm/teeth/jaw
  -crushing pain
• dyspnoea (shortness of breath)
• diaphoretic (cold and clammy)

Question 20

What is the correct position for a CHD?

Answer 20

Semi recumbent position

Question 21

What are the signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction

Question 22

What is an electrocardiogram

Answer 22

• An electrical impulse travels through - cardiac tissue it can be viewed mechanically

Question 23

How many deflections does a normal ECG have?

Answer 23

5
PQRST

Question 24

how long does atrial systole take?

Answer 24

0.1 sec

Question 25

how long does ventricular systole take?

Answer 25

0.3 sec

Question 26

how long does complete ventricular dystole take?

Answer 26

0.4 sec

Question 27

properties of myocardial cells?

Answer 27

A.C.C.E

• automaticity
• conductivity
• contractility
• excitability

Question 28

what is the rate of impulse formation for SA node/AV junction/ventricles

Answer 28

SA: 60-100
AV: 40-60
V: 20-40

Question 29

what is coronary artery disease?

Answer 29

hardening of arteries

Question 30

what is another name for coronary artery disease?

Answer 30

atherosclerosis

Question 31

what is the position of comfort for a patient with chest pain?

Answer 31

semi-recumbent

Question 32

what is myocardial infarction?

Answer 32

Death of part of the heart muscle due to inadequate blood oxygen supply.

often described as a crushing pain

Question 33

at what speed does ECG strip print?

Answer 33

25mm/s

Question 34

what are the time intervals for a small box/large box on an ECG?

Answer 34

Small box .04 sec

Large box .2 sec

5 Large boxes 1 second

Question 35

how long is the duration of a PR interval?

Answer 35

.12 to .2 sec

Question 36

how long does a QRS complex take?

Answer 36

< .12 sec