Respiratory System Part A Flashcards
3 functions of the respiratory system
1.) supply body w/ oxygen for cellular respiration
2.) get rid of CO2 (waste product)
3.) functions in olfaction & speech
explanation for 3.)
- the respiratory system helps us smell things by bringing air with different smells to our nose. It also helps us speak by providing air flow to our vocal cords, which produce sound.
2 types of organs in respiratory system
name them
1.) upper respiratory organs
2.) lower respiratory organs
name the 3 upper organs of respiratory system
1.) nose/nasal cavity
2.) paranasal sinuses
3.) pharnyx
name the 4 lower organs of respiratory system
1.) larynx
2.) trachea
3.) bronchi & branches
4.) lungs & alveoli
lower = larynx
what are the 2 zones of the respiratory system?
1.) conducting zone
2.) respiratory zone
what is conducting zone?
organs that conduct air to the lungs
what is respiratory zone?
the main site of gas exchange
name 7 organs of conducting zone
1.) nose
2.) pharynx
3.) larynx
4.) trachea
5.) bronchi
6.) bronchioles
7.) terminal bronchioles
name 4 organs of respiratory zone
1.) respiratory bronchioles
2.) alveolar ducts
3.) alveolar sacs
4.) alveoli
what is the pharynx?
funnel shaped muscular tube
3 functions of pharynx
1.) passage for air
2.) resonating chamber
3.) contains the tonsils
THINK: pharynx is a resonating chamber because it helps to modify and amplify the sound produced by the vocal cords, which ultimately affects the quality and tone of our voice
3 regions of the pharynx
1.) nasopharynx
2.) oropharynx
3.) laryngopharynx
which region of pharynx is for air & food?
oropharynx
3 functions of larynx
1.) airway
2.) routes air/food into proper channels
3.) voice production (our vocal folds)
3 cartilages of larynx
1.) thyroid cartilage
2.) cricoid cartilage
3.) aryenoid cartilage
the epiglottis closes off the ___________ during swallowing
glottis
vocal folds in your throat can work like a door to stop air from getting through
this is called a “sphincter” function
what is an example of this?
the valsalva’s maneuver
what is the valsalva’s maneuver?
what happens?
- when you hold your breath and try to push out air without letting any air escape
- glottis closes to prevent exhalation
- abdominal muscles contract & pressure increases
- this helps to empty rectum or stabilizes our trunk during heavy lifting
what is the conducting zone?
organs that conduct air to the lungs
list the order/process of the conducting zone
(how air passes through)
1.) starts on nasal cavity
2.) down to trachea
2.) divides into R & L primary bronchi
3.) branches into secondary bronchi
4.) branches into tertiary bronchi
5.) branches into bronchioles
6.) then branches into the terminal bronchioles
the primary, secondary, tertiary bronchi have _____________ (hair like projections) that help move things along
cilia
bronchioles have ____________ muscle
smooth
bronchioles also have __________ cells that produce mucus
goblet
alveoli is made up of 2 cells
what type of cells?
- alveolar epithetical cells (2 types)
- type 1 & 2
2 types of alveolar epithelial cells
1.) type 1 alveolar cells
2.) type 2 alveolar cells
explain type 1 alveolar cells
main site of gas exchange
explain type 2 alveolar cells
- keeps the alveoli inflated
- make surfactant from keeping them from collapsing, no matter the pressure (air or no air) surfactant makes sure they don’t collapse on themselves
type 1 vs type 2 alveolar cells
type 1 alveolar cells
- main site of gas exchange
type 2 alveolar cells
- keeps the alveoli inflated
- make surfactant from keeping them from collapsing, no matter the pressure (air or no air) surfactant makes sure they don’t collapse on themselves
how many lobes?
left lung vs. right lung
left lung = 2
right lung = 3
