Lymphatic System Part A Flashcards
the immune system is a ____________ system
functional
T & B cells are also called T & B ____________
lymphocytes
T & B cells are the major ___________ of the immune system
soldiers
function of B cells
- destroy bacteria
- inactivate toxins
- produce antibodies
function of T cells
attack viruses, fungi, transplanted cells, cancer cells, & some bacteria
what are natural killer cells?
what do they release?
- type of T cell
- releases cytokine when they recognize foreign invaders & attack
what are the 2 types of immunity?
1.) innate immunity
2.) adaptive immunity
what is innate (inborn) immunity?
immune defenses we’re born with
what is adaptive (acquired) immunity?
immune defenses we adapt over time
what are the 2 types of innate immunity?
1.) 1st line of defense
2.) 2nd line of defense
innate immunity
what is 1st line of defense?
examples?
- physical & chemical barriers we are born with
E.X : physical = skin, mucous membranes, other (fluid, chemical, nose hairs, cilia)
innate immunity
what is 2nd line defenses?
- all internal defenses (when germs get in & what we do to them)
innate immunity
what are the 5 types of 2nd line of defenses?
1.) antimicrobial substance
2.) natural killer cells
3.) phagocytes
4.) fever
5.) inflamation
innate immunity - 2nd line of defense
1 - function of antimicrobial substance
- ability to enhance defense
- attack or prevent from micrograms from multiplying to destroy them
- E.X - interferons, complement proteins (aid in inflammatory response)
innate immunity - 2nd line of defense
2 - describe/function of natural killer cells
- type of T cell
- release cytokines when recognize foreign invaders & attack
innate immunity - 2nd line of defense
3 - describe/function phagocytes
- ingest microbes/debris
- 2 types (neutrophils & macrophages)
- involves phagocytosis
innate immunity - 2nd line of defense - phagocytosis
explain each 5 steps of phagocytosis
1.) chemotaxis
- chemically stimulated movement of a phagocyte to the foreign intruder
2.) adherence
- attach to foreign invader, to form a phagosome
3.) ingestion
- phagosome & lysosome fuse to get phagolysosome
- phagosome + lysosome = phagolysosome
4.) digestion
- enzymes destroy foreign invader
5.) killing & exocytosis of any remaining material
innate immunity - 2nd line of defense
what are the 4 signs of inflammation?
1.) redness
2.) heat
3.) swelling
4.) pain
innate immunity - 2nd line of defense
what are the 3 stages of inflammation?
1.) vasodilation & increased permeability
2.) emigration of phagocytes
3.) tissue repair
innate immunity - 2nd line of defense - inflammation
describe 1 - vasodilation & increased permeability
- vasodilation helps bring redness & heat to the area
- increased permeability makes capillaries in area leaky to have fluid w/ clotting factors to get more antibodies and help swelling (edema)
innate immunity - 2nd line of defense - inflammation
describe 2 - emigration of phagocytes
- neutrophils & macrophages trigger “complement system”, this enhances inflammation & phagocytosis
SIMPLE TERMS:
During inflammation, the body sends special cells called phagocytes, which are like “clean-up crews,” to the site of injury or infection. Two types of phagocytes called neutrophils and monocytes leave the blood vessels and move into the affected tissue to fight off harmful invaders like bacteria and damaged tissue. They are attracted to the area by chemical signals released by the damaged cells. These cells are very important for the body’s immune system and help to protect against infection and promote healing.
innate immunity - 2nd line of defense - inflammation
describe 3 - tissue repair
- all healing takes place
