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A & P II Lecture > Lymphatic System PPT > Flashcards

Lymphatic System PPT Flashcards

1
Q

what is the lymphatic system?

A

system consisting of lymphatic vessels through which a clear fluid (lymph) passes

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2
Q

what are the 3 functions of the lymphatic system?

A

1.) draining interstitial fluid
2.) transporting dietary lipids absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract to the blood
3.) facilitating immune responses

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3
Q

what is interstitial fluid also known as?

A

interstitial fluid is also known as extracellular fluid

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4
Q

what is the function of the lymphatic system in relation to interstitial fluid and leaked plasma proteins?

A

the lymphatic system returns interstitial fluid and leaked plasma proteins back to the blood stream

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5
Q

what do lymphatic vessels do?

A
  • lymphatic vessels carry lymph and function like a highway connecting and filtering lymph
  • after filtering, the lymph gets deposited back into the blood stream
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6
Q

what is the composition of lymph and where is it found?

A
  • lymph is a clear to milky fluid that is found in the extracellular fluid compartment
  • it contains plasma, interstitial fluid, and lymphatic fluid
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7
Q

what is plasma?

A

plasma is the liquid component of blood

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8
Q

what is interstitial fluid?

A
  • interstitial fluid is a clear fluid that is filtered through capillary walls and enters the “interstitium” (the space between cells)
  • important for transporting stuff
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9
Q

what is lymphatic fluid?

A
  • lymphatic fluid is unaltered interstitial fluid that enters the lymphatic vessels
  • in the GI tract, lymphatic fluids also contain absorbed dietary lipids
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10
Q

what is the characteristic feature of lymphatic vessels?

A

lymphatic vessels offer a one-way system, ensuring that lymph flows only toward the heart

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11
Q

difference of lymphatic capillaries vs. regular capillaries

A

lymphatic capillaries are . . .

  • larger
  • unique 1 way structure (where interstitial fluid can flow in but not out)
  • allow larger molecules like fats that reg capillaries can’t
  • lacteals (specialized lymphatic capillaries) that can take up dietary lipids in small intestine, these absorb chyle
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12
Q

what is important about structure of lymphatic capillaries that helps w/ it’s unique 1 way structure?

A

ends of endothelial cells overlap to allow interstitial fluid to come in but not out

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13
Q

what is chyle?
what is it absorbed by & where?

A

lymphs + lipids (fats) = chyle

  • absorbed by lacteals (specialized lymphatic capillaries) in small intestine
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14
Q

what is the flow of lymph?

A
  • flow of lymph is a one-way system in which lymphatic vessels carry lymph from the tissues and organs to the heart
  • along the way, lymph nodes filter stuff & lymph is eventually deposited back into the bloodstream
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15
Q

flow of lymph

lymph is always trying to flow back to the _________
we’re just _________ fluid in the lymphatic system

A

heart
filtering

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16
Q

flow of lymph

what does it start with?

A

interstitial fluid

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17
Q

flow of lymph

describe the flow of lymph to return of blood stream

A
  • interstitial fluid enters the lymphatic vessel and flows from the periphery towards the central vascular system
    it enters the lymphatic capillary and moves through larger lymphatic vessels to reach the lymph nodes
    from the lymph nodes, it can either enter the right lymphatic duct or left lymphatic duct
    after, it returns to the bloodstream at the junction of the jugular and subclavian veins
  • interstitial fluid —> enters lymphatic vessel (going from periphery towards central vascular) –> lymphatic capillary —> larger lymphatic vessels –> goes to lymph nodes –> right lymphatic duct OR left lymphatic duct –> returns to blood @ junction of jugular subclavian veins
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18
Q

flow of lymph

what is the right lymphatic duct also called?

A

lymphatic duct

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19
Q

flow of lymph

what is the left lymphatic duct also called?

A

thoracic duct

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20
Q

flow of lymph

difference in drainage between R & L lymphatic ducts

A
  • right lymphatic duct (lymphatic duct) drains lymph from the right upper arm and the right side of the head and thorax
  • left lymphatic duct (thoracic duct) drains lymph from the rest of the body
21
Q

flow of lymph

where does lymph return to the bloodstream?

A
  • lymph is returned to the bloodstream at the junction of the jugular and subclavian veins
22
Q

the lymph system is a ________ pressure system like venous system

A

low

23
Q

what 5 structures and forces aid lymph in returning to the blood stream?

A

1.) milking action of skeletal muscle
2.) pressure changes in thorax during breathing (respiratory)
3.) valves to prevent backflow
4.) pulsation of nearby arteries
5.) contractions of smooth muscle in walls of lymphatics

24
Q

what also increases flow of lymph besides the 5 mechanisms in returning to blood stream?

A

physical activity

25
Q

lymphoid organs are separated in how many groups?
what are the groups?

A

2 groups

1.) primary lymphoid organs
2.) secondary lymphoid organs

26
Q

primary & secondary lymphoid organs differ in __________

A

function

27
Q

lymphoid organs

what are the primary lymphoid organs?

A

1.) thymus
2.) red bone marrow

28
Q

primary lymphoid organs

thymus vs. red bone marrow
describe T & B cells in regards to them

A

thymus
- where T cells mature

red bone marrow
- where T & B cells come from, B cells mature (b for bone)

29
Q

lymphoid organs

what are the secondary lymphoid organs?

A

1.) lymph nodes (many)
2.) spleen
3.) MALT

30
Q

secondary lymphoid organs

2 functions of lymph nodes

A

1.) filtering the lymph (acting as filters, macrophages remove & destroy debris in lymph)
2.) immune system activation (a place for lymphocytes to be activates & attack antigens)

31
Q

secondary lymphoid organs

what about the structure of our lymph nodes make it ideal for “filtering”?

A
  • lymph nodes have many doors to enter, but not many exit doors
  • their afferent & efferent vessels
  • it slows the lymph down to filter the lymph
32
Q

secondary lymphoid organs

what’s important about the spleen?

A

largest lymphoid organ

33
Q

secondary lymphoid organs

what are the 2 functions of the spleen?

A

1.) site for lymphocyte proliferation & immune surveillance & response
2.) cleans the blood of old blood cells/platelets, macrophages remove debris

proliferation = rapid increase in numbers

34
Q

secondary lymphoid organs

what does MALT stand for?

A

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

35
Q

secondary lymphoid organs

what is MALT?

A

lymphoid tissues in mucous membranes throughout body

36
Q

secondary lymphoid organs

what does MALT do?

A

protect from pathogens trying to enter the body

37
Q

secondary lymphoid organs

3 places MALT is found in

A

1.) tonsils
2.) peyer’s patches
3.) appendix

38
Q

secondary lymphoid organs

MALT : tonsils

what is their function?

A

to gather & remove pathogens in food/air

39
Q

secondary lymphoid organs

MALT : peyer’s patches

what is it?

A

cluster of lymphoid follicles in wall of small intestine

40
Q

secondary lymphoid organs

MALT : peyer’s patches

2 functions of it

A

1.) destroy bacteria
2.) generate “memory” lymphocytes

41
Q

secondary lymphoid organs

MALT : appendix

where is it found?

A

little tail off large intestines

42
Q

secondary lymphoid organs

MALT : appendix

what is their function?

A

1.) destroy bacteria
2.) generate “memory” lymphocytes

43
Q

secondary lymphoid organs

MALT : appendix

where is it found?

A

little tail off large intestines

44
Q

lymphoid cells

2 types of lymphoid cells

A

1.) immune system cells
2.) supporting cells

45
Q

lymphoid cells

function of immune system cells

A

T & B cells protect against antigens (anything body sees as foreign)

46
Q

lymphoid cells

example of immune system cells

A

T & B cells

47
Q

lymphoid cells - immune system cells

difference between T & B cells in function

A

T cells
- manage immune response

B cells
- produce antibodies

48
Q

lymphoid cells

what are supporting cells also called?

A

reticular cells

49
Q

lymphoid cells

function of supporting cells

A
  • have reticular fibers, acts like a scaffolding networking
  • create scaffolding network to support immune cells

A & P II Lecture (21 decks)

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