Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Year 1 Cell Biology > Respiratory system > Flashcards

Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

What gives rise to the primary (lobular) bronchioles?

A

Terminal bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The terminal bronchi gives rise to which segment of bronchioles?

A

Primary (lobular) bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What provides respiratory supply to a secondary pulmonary lobule?

A

A primary (lobular) bronchiole and its terminal bronchiolar branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is supplied by a primary (lobular) bronchiole and its terminal bronchiolar branches?

A

Secondary pulmonary lobule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is anthracotic pigment found?

A

Outlines secondary pulmonary lobules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What provides respiratory supply to a pulmonary acinus?

A

Terminal bronchiole and its respiratory bronchiolar branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is supplied by the terminal bronchiole and its respiratory bronchiolar branches?

A

Pulmonary acinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What supplies a respiratory bronchiolar unit (primary pulmonary lobule)?

A

Each respiratory bronchiole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does each respiratory bronchiole supply?

A

Respiratory bronchiolar unit (primary pulmonary lobule)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What kind of epithelium makes up the olfactory epithelium?

A

Pseudostratified columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What underlies the basal lamina of the nasal mucosa?

A

Lamina propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the cellular residents of the olfactory epithelium?

A
  1. Olfactory receptor cells2. Sustentacular (supporting) cells3. Brush cells4. Basal cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the characteristics of the olfactory receptor cells?

A
  1. Bipolar neurons2. Single dendrites project toward apical surface of epithelium 3. Basal axon enters lamina propria to be sheathed by non-myelinating Schwann cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the characteristics of the sustentacular cells?

A
  1. Columnar with apical microvilli to form striated border2. Nourish and insulate olfactory cells 3. Contain lipofuscin granules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the characteristics of the brush cells?

A
  1. Basal domain in synaptic contact with branches of CN V2. Apical domain - microvilli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the characteristics of the basal cells?

A
  1. Short, pyramidal cells anchored to basal lamina but do not reach apical surface2. Regenerative stem cells - proliferate to mature into any of the other cell types
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is contained in the lamina propria layer of nasal mucosa?

A
  1. Bowman’s glands2. Unmyelinated nerve fibers and bundles3. Swell bodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is contained in Bowman’s glands?

A

Serous product containing odorant-binding protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the ‘respiratory epithelium’ of the larynx?

A

Ciliated, pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is the respiratory epithelium non-keratinized, stratified squamous?

A
  1. Vocal folds2. Anterior surface of epiglottis3. Exterior laryngeal surfaces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The vocal folds, anterior surface of epiglottis, and exterior laryngeal surfaces are covered by what type of epithelium?

A

Non-keratinized, stratified squamous

22
Q

What keeps the epithelium lining the vocal folds moist?

A

Secretions from the seromucous glands in the saccules

23
Q

In which layer is the vocal ligament found?

A

Lamina propria

24
Q

What is Reinke’s space?

A

The part of the lamina propria lying between the basal lamina and the vocal ligament

25
The trachea and primary bronchus consist of what layers?
1. Mucosa2. Submucosa with glands3. Cartilage (and trachealis)4. Adventitia
26
Which respiratory segment walls contain mucosa, submucosa with glands, cartilage, and adventitia?
Trachea and primary bronchus
27
The intrapulmonary bronchi consist of what layers?
1. Mucosa2. Muscularis3. Submucosa with glands4. Cartilage5. Adventitia
28
Which respiratory segment walls contain mucosa, muscularis, submucosa with glands, cartilage, and adventitia?
Intrapulmonary bronchi
29
The bronchioles consist of what layers?
1. Mucosa2. Muscularis3. Fibroelastic CT
30
Which respiratory segment walls contain mucosa, muscularis, and fibroelastic CT?
Brochioles
31
What are the drivers of mucociliary clearance?
Ciliated columnar cells
32
Where are ciliated columar cells found?
Mucosa of trachea and extrapulmonary bronchi
33
Which cells of the trachea and extrapulmonary bronchi are most numerous in fetal lung, decrease substantially after birth, and proliferate in certain diseases of the pulmonary system?
Neuroendocrine cells of Kulchitsky
34
Where are seromucous glands found?
Submucosa of trachea and extrapulmonary bronchi
35
What is the role of seromucous glands?
Secreting mucins, bacteriostatic substances lactoferrin and lysozyme, IgA (via plasma cells), and protease inhibitors
36
What kind of remodeling occurs in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles during asthma?
1. Basal lamina becomes thicker2. Edema and inflammation; numerous leukocytes3. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of submucosal glands; goblet cells are more numerous4. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells
37
Where are club cells found?
Terminal and respiratory bronchioles
38
What is the function of club cells?
1. Secrete surfactant (different from that of type 2 alveolar cells)2. Produce CC16
39
What is the function of CC16 protein?
1. Anti-oxidant / anti-inflammatory molecule 2. Regulates chloride ion transport3. Divide to replace bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells
40
What happens to CC16 levels following bronchiolar damage?
Increased in blood and decreased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
41
Are glands present in the lamina propria of bronchioles?
No
42
Which layers are absent in bronchioles?
1. Submucosa2. Submucosal glands3. Cartilage
43
What are the characteristics of type I alveolar cells?
1. 40% of epithelial cell population but line 90% of alveolar surface2. Attenuated simple squamous for gas exchange3. Connected via tight junctions4. Not capable of cell division
44
What are the characteristics of type II alveolar cells?
1. More numerous that type I2. 60% of cell population but line
45
What are the characteristics of surfactant?
Continuously produced by type II alveolar cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis
46
What is an important inducer of surfactant synthesis?
Cortisol
47
What inhibits corticosteroids?
Insulin
48
Insulinemia in fetuses of diabetic mothers can lead to what condition?
Respiratory distress syndrome
49
What are the heart failure cells?
Alveolar macrophages
50
What is the interalveolar septum?
1. Space between adjacent alveolar epithelia2. Contains continuous capillaries, or in wider areas type III collage and elastic fibers
51
What makes up the blood-gas barrier?
1. Type I pneumocytes with adluminal surfactant2. Fused basal laminae of type I pneumocyte and continuous capillaries3. Endothelial cells of continuous capillaries

Year 1 Cell Biology (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions