Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 1 Cell Biology > Renal system > Flashcards

Renal system Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is enclosed in the renal sinus?

A
  1. Branches of renal, vein, lymph vessels2. Ureter and nerve fibers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What makes up the kidney capsule?

A
  1. Outer layer - collagen and fibroblasts2. Inner layer - myofibroblasts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What comprises the cortical labyrinth?

A
  1. Region between medullary rays 2. Renal corpuscles3. Convoluted tubules 4. Collecting tubules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What comprises the medullary rays?

A
  1. Medullary tissue extending form base of pyramids into the cortex2. Straight tubules3. Collecting ducts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What comprises the renal columns of Bertin?

A
  1. Reside within and are part of the medulla2. Straight tubules3. Collecting ducts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the vasa recta found?

A

Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What makes up a kidney lobe?

A
  1. Renal pyramid2. Associated cortical tissue at base of pyramid3. Associated cortical columns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What makes up a kidney lobule?

A
  1. Central medullary ray and surrounding cortical tissue2. A collecting duct3. All nephrons that empty into the collecting duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a uniferous tubule?

A
  1. Nephron + collecting tubule2. Consists of epithelium and is covered by basal lamina exteriorly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the components of the nephron?

A
  1. Renal corpuscle2. Bowman’s capsule3. Bowman’s space4. Vascular pole5. Urinary pole6. Filtration barrier
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the features of the glomerulus?

A
  1. Fenestrated capillaries2. Ultrafiltrate oozes out of glomerulus by passing through filtration barrier
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the features of Bowman’s capsule?

A
  1. Proximal end of nephron2. Has visceral and parietal layers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the features of the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule?

A
  1. Covers glomerulus2. Composed of podocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Bowman’s space (urinary space)?

A
  1. Space between visceral and parietal layers of Bowman’s capsule2. Contains ultrafiltrate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the vascular pole?

A
  1. Site where afferent golumerular arteriole enters renal corpuscle (mesangial cells)2. Site where efferent golumerular arteriole leaves the renal corpuscle (greater resistance to flow)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the urinary pole?

A

Contains initial part of the proximal convoluted tubule

17
Q

What is the filtration barrier?

A

Inside-out consists of:1. Endothelial surface layer of glomerular capillaries 2. Fenestrated (no diaphragms) endothelium of glomerular capillary3. Basal lamina4. Subpodocyte space5. Visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule (podocytes)

18
Q

What are the discontinuous layers of the filtration barrier?

A
  1. Fenestrated (no diaphragms) endothelium of glomerular capillaries2. Visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule (podocytes)
19
Q

What are the features of proximal convoluted tubule?

A
  1. Simple cuboid epithelium2. Eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm3. Microvilli4. Basement membrane
20
Q

What is the proximal straight tubule?

A

Thick descending limb of the loop of Henle

21
Q

What are the thin limbs of the loop of Henle?

A
  1. Thin descending limb - hairpin turn2. Henle’s loop - entire U-shaped portion of a nephron3. Thin ascending limb - segment after hairpin turn
22
Q

What lines the entire thin limb of loop of Henle?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

23
Q

What are the features of the distal tubule?

A
  1. Distal straight tubule2. Macula densa3. Distal convoluted tubule
24
Q

What are the features of the distal straight tubule?

A
  1. Thick ascending limb of loop of Henle2. Low cuboidal epithelium with few microvilli3. More mitochondria than cells of PCT
25
Q

What are the features of the macula densa?

A
  1. Modified segment of the distal tubule2. Between afferent and efferent arterioles
26
Q

What are the features of the distal convoluted tubule?

A
  1. Much shorter and less tortuous than PCT2. Wide clear lumen3. Pale granular cytoplasm4. Smaller cells, more cells per c/s profile
27
Q

What are features of the collecting tubule?

A
  1. Part of uriniferous tubule2. NOT part of nephron3. Empties into a connecting tubule which drains into cortical or medullary collecting duct
28
Q

What are the papillary collecting ducts of Bellini?

A
  1. Formed as several medullary collecting tubules converge2. Open in the area cribrosa3. Lined with tall columnar epithelium
29
Q

What comprises the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

Macula densa and JG cells

30
Q

What are the JG cells?

A
  1. Part of the afferent glomerular arteriole2. Modified smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of the afferent glomerular arteriole3. Contain renin (proteolytic enzyme)
31
Q

What are the features of the extraglomerular mesangial cells?

A

Reside in interval bordered by the afferent arteriole, macula densa, efferent arteriole, and vascular pole of renal corpuscle

32
Q

What is the renal interstitium?

A
  1. Contains small amount of CT2. Fibroblasts, macrophages
33
Q

What is the direction of blood flow in the kidney?

A
  1. Renal artery (anterior and posterior divisions)2. Segment arteries3. Lobar arteris4. Interlobar arteries5. Arcuate arteries6. Interlobular arteries7. Afferent glomerular arterioles
34
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the renal papilla and minor calyx?

A

Transitional epithelium

35
Q

What characterizes the muscularis layer of the ureter?

A
  1. Upper 2/3 has outer circular, inner longitudinal layer2. Lower 1/3 has an extra layer of outer longitudinal
36
Q

What layer of the muscularis in the urinary bladder forms the internal sphincter muscle?

A

Middle

37
Q

What layer of the bladder attaches it to surrounding structures?

A

Adventitia

Year 1 Cell Biology (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions