Cartilage

Question 1

What are chondroblasts?

Answer 1

Cartilage-forming cells

Question 2

Which cell type forms cartilage?

Answer 2

Chondroblasts

Question 3

What is the term for a chondroblast that has become trapped in the ECM?

Answer 3

Chondrocyte

Question 4

Is cartilage innervated?

Answer 4

No

Question 5

What are the three types of cartilage?

Answer 5

1. Hyaline2. Elastic3. Fibrocartilage

Question 6

What is the main component of hyaline cartilage?

Answer 6

Fine collagen fibrils (Type II)

Question 7

What is the main component of elastic cartilage?

Answer 7

Fine collagen fibrils (Type II) + elastic fibers

Question 8

What is the main component of fibrocartilage?

Answer 8

Parallel collagen bundles (Type I)

Question 9

What is the most abundant type of cartilage?

Answer 9

Hyaline

Question 10

How does hyaline cartilage appear upon staining?

Answer 10

Glassy, whitish blue

Question 11

What type of cartilage is used to maintain lumens?

Answer 11

Hyaline

Question 12

What type of cartilage is used to coat articular surfaces of bones?

Answer 12

Hyaline

Question 13

What type of cartilage is used at epiphyseal plates of growing bones?

Answer 13

Hyaline

Question 14

What are the general locations / functions of hyaline cartilage?

Answer 14

1. Lumen maintenance (nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi)2. Articular surfaces of bones3. Epiphyseal growth plates of bones

Question 15

What are chondrification centers?

Answer 15

Sites of of future cartilage production

Question 16

Chondrification centers are found in what type of cell?

Answer 16

Mesenchymal cell

Question 17

What is the perichondrium?

Answer 17

CT capsule that covers ONLY hyaline and elastic cartilage

Question 18

Perichondrium is a CT capsule that covers what types of cartilage?

Answer 18

Hyaline and elastic

Question 19

What are the layers of the perichondrium?

Answer 19

1. Outer fibrous2. Inner cellular

Question 20

What are the functions of the fibrous perichondrium?

Answer 20

1. Protective2. Supportive

Question 21

What is the function of the inner cellular perichondrium?

Answer 21

Cartilage growth and maintenance

Question 22

What type of cells are contained within the inner cellular perichondrium?

Answer 22

Chondrogenic cells

Question 23

What is the definition of appositional growth in cartilage?

Answer 23

Growth of cartilage on the surface of existing cartilage

Question 24

When does interstitial cartilage growth occur?

Answer 24

1. Early stages of cartilage formation2. In articular cartilage (no perichondrium)3. Epiphyseal plates4. Deep within cartilage (inside of tissue)

Question 25

Articular cartilage exhibits what kind of cartilage growth?

Answer 25

Interstitial

Question 26

Early stages of cartilage formation exhibits what kind of cartilage growth?

Answer 26

Interstitial

Question 27

Growth deep within cartilage (inside of tissue) involves what kind of cartilage growth?

Answer 27

Interstitial

Question 28

Growth of cartilage at epiphyseal plates is what kind of cartilage growth?

Answer 28

Interstitial

Question 29

When does appositional cartilage growth occur?

Answer 29

1. Most cartilages2. Throughout lifespan of cartilage3. At surface of existing cartilage

Question 30

What type of cartilage growth occurs in most cartilages?

Answer 30

Appositional growth

Question 31

What kind of cartilage growth is present throughout the lifespan of cartilage?

Answer 31

Appositional

Question 32

Does hyaline cartilage display interstitial growth, appositional growth, or both?

Answer 32

Both

Question 33

Chondrogenic cells can differentiate into what cell types?

Answer 33

1. Chondroblasts2. Osteoprogenitor cells

Question 34

Can chondrocytes revert back to chondroblasts?

Answer 34

Yes

Question 35

What is the function of chondrocytes?

Answer 35

Monitor matrix composition and synthesize necessary molecules to maintain cartilage matrix

Question 36

What is the most abundant collagen type in hyaline cartilage?

Answer 36

Type II

Question 37

Hyaluronan molecules serve as attachment sites for what molecule?

Answer 37

Proteoglycan monomers

Question 38

What is the capsular (pericellular) matrix?

Answer 38

Intensely stained thin layer of matrix immediately around the lacuna in the hyaline matrix

Question 39

What part of the hyaline cartilage matrix contains the highest concentration of sulfated proteoglycans, hyaluronan and glycoproteins?

Answer 39

Capsular (pericellular) matrix

Question 40

What is the territorial matrix?

Answer 40

Lighter staining matrix that surrounds the isogenous group in the hyaline matrix

Question 41

What is the interterritorial matrix?

Answer 41

Represents the majority of the hyaline matrix; fills space around territorial matrix

Question 42

What is the water composition of cartilage matrix?

Answer 42

60-80%

Question 43

How do nutrients get to hyaline cartilage?

Answer 43

Diffusion through ECM from nearby tissues

Question 44

What cell type constantly monitors the matrix composition of cartilage?

Answer 44

Chondrocytes

Question 45

Where is elastic cartilage located?

Answer 45

1. Pinna of the ear2. Internal and external auditory tubes3. Epiglottis4. Larynx

Question 46

Does elastic cartilage calcify with aging?

Answer 46

No

Question 47

Does hyaline cartilage calcify with aging?

Answer 47

Yes

Question 48

Does fibrocartilage have a perichondrium?

Answer 48

No

Question 49

Where is fibrocartilage located?

Answer 49

1. Intervertebral discs2. Pubic symphysis3. Articular discs (e.g. TMJ)4. Menisci of knee5. Attached to bone (e.g. tendon-bone junction)