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Year 1 Cell Biology > Nervous tissue I > Flashcards

Nervous tissue I Flashcards

1
Q

What are Nissl bodies?

A

Stacks of rER

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2
Q

What are characteristics of the nucleus in a nerve cell?

A

Large, clear, euchromatic, dense nucleolus

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3
Q

Does mitosis occur in adult nerve cells?

A

No

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4
Q

What is chromatolysis?

A

Dissolution of Nissl substance following injury

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5
Q

What is Kevin’s favorite food?

A

( ) )=========D

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6
Q

Are dendrites myelinated?

A

No, never

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7
Q

What is the function of dendrites?

A

Receive stimuli from epithelial receptor cells or other neurons and transmit to cell body

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8
Q

What is the protein associated with anterograde transport?

A

Kinesin

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9
Q

What is the direction of anterograde transport?

A

Away from cell body

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10
Q

Transport away from the cell body is what kind of transport?

A

Anterograde

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11
Q

Transport toward the cell body is what kind of transport?

A

Retrograde

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12
Q

What is the direction of retrograde transport?

A

Toward the cell body

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13
Q

What protein is associated with retrograde transport?

A

Dynein

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14
Q

Viruses that enter nerve endings travel to the CNS via what type of transport?

A

Retrograde

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15
Q

What are characteristics of a bipolar neuron?

A
  1. Two processes (dendrite + axon)2. Found in retina, inner ear, nose
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16
Q

What are characteristics of a multipolar neuron?

A
  1. Numerous dendrites, single axon2. Includes motor neurons and interneurons
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17
Q

What are characteristics of a unipolar neuron?

A
  1. Has only an axon that bifurcates into two processes (T-shaped)2. Impulses are transmitted down axon, bypassing cell body3. Enclosed in CN sensory ganglia and dorsal root ganglion
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18
Q

What is the function of neuroglia?

A

Provide physical and physiological support to nerve cells

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19
Q

Can neuroglia divide / form tumors?

A

No

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20
Q

Does the CNS have connective tissue?

A

No

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21
Q

What are astrocytes?

A

Largest nerve cells; exhibit mat-like vascular feet / pedicles, and ensheate all blood vessels covered by a basal lamina

22
Q

Largest nerve cells; exhibit mat-like vascular feet / pedicles, and ensheate all blood vessels covered by a basal lamina:

A

Astrocytes

23
Q

What are the functions of astrocytes?

A
  1. May assist in BBB2. Form a deep layer to pia mater3. Form scar tissue following injury4. Involved in tissue repair5. Monitor chemical and ionic composition in extracellular space around nerve cells
24
Q

What are protoplasmic astrocytes?

A
  1. Primarily in gray matter2. Granular cytoplasm3. Processes cover synapses, neurons, blood vessels
25
What are fibrous astrocytes?
1. Primarily in white matter2. Long, thin processes3. Light staining4. Associated with blood vessels and pia mater5. Cover Nodes of Ranvier and synapses6. Most common brain tumor in adults
26
What are oligodendrocytes?
1. Smaller than astroctyes2. Form rows in white matter3. Many mitochondria, Golgi, rER, microtubules
27
1. Smaller than astroctyes2. Form rows in white matter3. Many mitochondria, Golgi, rER, microtubules
Oligodendrocytes
28
1. Primarily in white matter2. Long, thin processes3. Light staining4. Associated with blood vessels and pia mater5. Cover Nodes of Ranvier and synapses6. Most common brain tumor in adults
Fibrous astrocytes
29
1. Primarily in gray matter2. Granular cytoplasm3. Processes cover synapses, neurons, blood vessels
Protoplasmic astrocytes
30
What are some characteristics of microglia?
1. Small cell bodies2. Elongated nuclei3. Condensed chromatin4. Present in white and gray matter5. Derived from monocytes6. Phagocytic
31
1. Small cell bodies2. Elongated nuclei3. Condensed chromatin4. Present in white and gray matter5. Derived from monocytes6. Phagocytic
Microglia
32
What are characteristics of ependymal cells?
1. Cuboidal-columnar2. Line brain and spinal cord cavities containing CSF3. Have motile cilia4. Abundant mitochondria5. Apical Golgi, sparse rER
33
1. Cuboidal-columnar2. Line brain and spinal cord cavities containing CSF3. Have motile cilia4. Abundant mitochondria5. Apical Golgi, sparse rER
Ependymal cells
34
Where are unmyelinated axons located?
CNS and PNS
35
In the CNS, are unmyelinated axons covered by glia?
No
36
Where / how are unmyelinated axons located in the PNS?
In a groove of a Schwann cell
37
Are there Nodes of Ranvier along unmyelinated axons?
No
38
What myelinates axons in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
39
What is myelin?
A lipoprotein, formed by concentric layers of cell membrane
40
What myelinates axons in the PNS?
Schwann cells
41
What is the Node of Ranvier?
The unmyelinated segment of the axon between two Schwann cells
42
What is the internodal segment?
Myelin-covered segments of an axon
43
Schwann cells derive from the ____________
Neural crest
44
What is the endoneurium?
Loose CT with collagen fibrils that covers individual axons, synthesized by Schwann cells
45
Loose CT with collagen fibrils that covers individual axons, synthesized by Schwann cells:
Endoneurium
46
What is the perineurium?
Specialized CT, encloses Schwann cell-ensheathed axons and endoneurium
47
Specialized CT, encloses Schwann cell-ensheathed axons and endoneurium:
Periuneurium
48
What is the epineurium?
Dense irregular fibrous CT with elastic fibers; covers several nerve bundles which forms gross nerve
49
Dense irregular fibrous CT with elastic fibers; covers several nerve bundles which forms gross nerve:
Epineurium
50
What are satellite cells?
Support cell bodies of neurons housed in ganglia and function like Schwann cells but without myelination ability
51
Support cell bodies of neurons housed in ganglia and function like Schwann cells but without myelination ability:
Satellite cells
52
What is multiple sclerosis?
Autoimmune disease affecting only the white matter of the CNS; Abs attack the myelin sheath, leading to a decrease in impulse conduction

Year 1 Cell Biology (40 decks)

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