Exocrine glands Flashcards
Exocrine glands are derived from what type of tissue?
Epithelial
How are exocrine glands classified?
- Type of secretion2. Mode of secretion3. Cell numbers
What do mucous glands secrete?
Mucinogens
What is mucin?
Hydrated mucinogens
What are examples of mucous glands?
- Goblet cells2. Mucous cells
What are mixed glands?
Contain serous and mucous secretory uits
What are examples of mixed glands?
- Submandibular gland2. Sublingual gland
What are characteristics of merocrine secretion?
- Exocytosis2. No loss of plasmalemma or cytoplasm3. Most common
What are characteristics of apocrine secretion?
- Secretory product is released along with apical cytoplasm and apical plasmalemma
Mammary glands use what type of secretory gland process for lipids?
Apocrine
What are characteristics of holocrine secretion?
The entire cell and its secretory product is released
Sebaceous glands use what type of secretory gland process?
Holocrine
What are the two shapes of secretory units?
- Acinus (aka alveolar)2. Tubular
What are examples of simple duct systems that do not have an excretory duct?
Stomach / intestinal glands
What are two types of intralobular ducts?
- Intercalated 2. Striated
What are myoepithelial cells?
Contractile cells derived from epithelium
Myoepithelial cells contain what types of filaments?
Actin and myosin
How would you confirm the epithelial origin of myoepithelial cells?
Cytokeratin
Where are myoepithelial cells located?
Surround the secretory units of many multicellular glands (mamary, sweat, large salivary) and small ducts and share their basal lamina
How are myoepithelial cells connected to epithelial cells?
Desmosomes and gap junctions
What is the classification of the parotid gland?
Compound acinar
Is the parotid gland purely serous, purely mucous, or mixed?
Purely serous
What kind of intralobular ducts does the parotid gland have?
Intralobular and intercalated
What is the classification of the submandibular gland?
Compound tubuloacinar
Is the submandibular gland purely serous, purely mucous, or mixed?
Mixed, but mostly serous (demilune parts)
Are serous demilunes present in living tissue?
No
What are the characteristics of the intralobular ducts in the submandibular gland?
Prominent striated ducts, short intercalated ducts
What is the classification of the sublingual gland?
Compound tubuloacinar
Is the sublingual gland purely serous, purely mucous, or mixed?
Mixed, but mostly mucous (serous demilunes are sparse)
What are the characteristics of the intralobular ducts in the sublingual gland?
Less developed than those of other salivary glands
What are some symptoms of Sjogren syndrome?
Dry eyes, dry mouth, dysphagia, dysphonia, difficulty tasting, cracked lips, parotid enlargement by 50%
What is the classification of the pancreas?
Compound acinar
The pancreas is most similar to what other gland?
Parotid
What differentiates the pancreas from the parotid gland?
- Islets of Langerhans2. Centroacinar cells3. Absence of striated ducts
What feature is unique to the pancreas?
Centroacinar cells
What are the characteristics of the intralobular ducts in the pancreas?
- Centroacinar cells represent the intra-acinar segment of the intercalated duct2. Large intralobular ducts3. Interlobular ducts4. Duct cells secrete bicarbonate
