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Year 1 Cell Biology > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the fibrous layer of the eye?

A
  1. Cornea2. Sclera
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2
Q

The cornea and sclera make up what layer of the eye?

A

Fibrous

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3
Q

What makes up the vascular layer of the eye?

A
  1. Choroid2. Ciliary body3. Iris
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4
Q

The choroid, ciliary body, and iris make up what layer of the eye?

A

Vascular

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5
Q

What makes up the retinal layer of the eye?

A
  1. Neural layer2. Retinal pigment epithelium
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6
Q

What are the contents of the posterior chamber?

A
  1. Aqueous humor2. Iris3. Ciliary body and muscle4. Lens5. Cornea6. Anterior sclera
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7
Q

What are the contents of the vitreous chamber?

A
  1. Vitreous humor2. Visual retina3. Retinal pigment epithelium4. Posterior sclera5. Uvea
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8
Q

What are the five layers of the cornea?

A
  1. Corneal epithelium (most external)2. Bowman’s membrane3. Corneal stroma4. Descemet’s membrane5. Corneal endothelium
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9
Q

What type of cell makes up the corneal epithelium?

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinized with apical microvilli

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10
Q

What protein protects the corneal epithelium from UV damage?

A

Ferritin

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11
Q

What are some functions of Bowman’s membrane?

A
  1. Contributes to strength and stability of cornea2. Acts as barrier to prevent spread of infections
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12
Q

What are some characteristics of the corneal stroma?

A
  1. 90% of cornea’s thickness2. Collagen fibrils arranged in lamellae (transparency)3. Proteoglycans and collagen V allow proper spacing of collagen fibrils
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13
Q

What are some characteristics of Descemet’s membrane?

A
  1. Regenerates after injury2. Thickens with age3. Interwoven meshwork of fibers and pores4. Helps maintain curvature of cornea
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14
Q

What are some characteristics of the corneal endothelium?

A
  1. Faces anterior chamber - has zonula occludens, adherens, and desmosomes2. Simple squamous epithelium3. Responsible for virtually all metabolic exchanges of cornea - nutrition via diffusion
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15
Q
  1. Contributes to strength and stability of cornea2. Acts as barrier to prevent spread of infections
A

Bowman’s membrane

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16
Q
  1. 90% of cornea’s thickness2. Collagen fibrils arranged in lamellae (transparency)3. Proteoglycans and collagen V allow proper spacing of collagen fibrils
A

Corneal stroma

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17
Q
  1. Regenerates after injury2. Thickens with age3. Interwoven meshwork of fibers and pores4. Helps maintain curvature of cornea
A

Descemet’s membrane

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18
Q
  1. Faces anterior chamber2. Simple squamous epithelium3. Responsible for virtually all metabolic exchanges of cornea
A

Corneal endothelium

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19
Q

What is Tenon’s capsule?

A

Fascial sheath over the surface of the sclera where extraocular muscles insert

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20
Q

Fascial sheath over the surface of the sclera where extraocular muscles insert

A

Tenon’s capsule

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21
Q

What is the corneoscleral limbus?

A
  1. Location of stem cells for corneal epithelium2. Location of iridocorneal angle
22
Q
  1. Location of stem cells for corneal epithelium2. Location of iridocorneal angle
A

Corneoscleral limbus

23
Q

What is the iridocorneal angle?

A
  1. Trabecular meshwork2. Formation of Canal of Schlemm (scleral venous sinus)3. Apparatus for the outflow of aqueous humor
24
Q
  1. Trabecular meshwork2. Formation of Canal of Schlemm (scleral venous sinus)3. Apparatus for the outflow of aqueous humor
A

Iridocorneal angle

25
Q

What is the ora serrata?

A

Area that defines anterior limit of retina and choroid and the posterior limit of the ciliary body

26
Q

Area that defines anterior limit of retina and choroid and the posterior limit of the ciliary body

A

Ora serrata

27
Q

What are the functions of the ciliary processes?

A
  1. Secretion of anchoring zonule fibers2. Produce aqueous humor3. Blood-aqueous barrier
28
Q

What is the flow of aqueous humor?

A

Posterior chamber –> pupil –> anterior chamber –> trabecular meshwork –> Canal of Schlemm –> venous system

29
Q

What is the function of ciliary muscle?

A

Reduce tension on lens for near vision

30
Q

What is Bruch’s membrane (lamina vitrea)?

A

Thin, amorphous hyaline membrane that forms the innermost layer of the choroid

31
Q

What is contained in the fovea centralis?

A

Only cone photoreceptor cells - area of highest visual acuity

32
Q

What is the retinal pigment epithelium?

A

Attaches via Bruch’s membrane to the choriocapillary layer of the choroid (site of dislocated retina)

33
Q

What are the four groups of cells found in the retina?

A
  1. Photoreceptors2. Conducting neurons3. Association and other neurons4. Supporting (neuroglial) cells
34
Q

What is the function of the RPE?

A
  1. Absorb light2. Blood-retina layer3. Metabolic processes4. Phagocytosis of membranous discs from rods and cone
35
Q

Iodopsin is sensitive to what colors?

A

Red, green, blue

36
Q

What is the main blood supply to the retina?

A

Central retinal artery from ophthalmic artery

37
Q

What are the three parts of the lens?

A
  1. Capsule2. Subcapsular epithelium3. Lens fibers
38
Q

Conjunctiva is made up of what type of epithelium?

A

Stratified columnar with goblet cells and basal lamina overlying a loose CT

39
Q

Can Bowman’s membrane regenerate?

40
Q

What is the precise location for stem cells of the corneal epithelium?

A

Corneoscleral limbus

41
Q

What is the dilator pupillae’s arrangement of fibers with respect to the iris?

A

Radially arranaged

42
Q

What is the sphincter pupillae’s arrangement of fibers with respect to the iris?

A

Circularly arranged

43
Q

How is the dilator pupillae innervated?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

44
Q

How is the sphincter pupillae innervated?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

45
Q

What imparts pigment to the iris?

A

Anterior and posterior pigment epithelium

46
Q

What causes open angle glaucoma?

A

Blockage of trabecular meshwork, slowing drainage of aqueous humor

47
Q

What causes closed angle glaucoma?

A

Iridocorneal junction narrows / pinches off

48
Q

Which is more emergent - open angle or closed angle glaucoma?

49
Q

What is the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy?

A

Fragility of blood vessels - leads to retinal bleeding, edema, neovascularization of retina and iris

50
Q

What is a common early sign of age related macular degeneration?

Year 1 Cell Biology (40 decks)

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