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Year 1 Cell Biology > Cell biology VI > Flashcards

Cell biology VI Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the role of microtubule-associated proteins?

A

Stabilize microtubules

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2
Q

What is the diameter of a microfilament?

A

6-8 nm

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3
Q

What are the subunits of microfilaments?

A

Actin

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4
Q

Actin subunits make up what cytoskeletal component?

A

Microfilaments

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5
Q

What drug inhibits polymerization of actin?

A

Cytocalasin B

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6
Q

What is the function of Cytocalasin B?

A

Prevents polymerization of actin subunits

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7
Q

What are the functions of microfilaments?

A

1) Structural support2) Form core of microvilli and stereocilia3) Cell movement4) Cytokinesis5) Formation of filopodia and lamellipodia

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8
Q

What is the diameter of thick filaments?

A

12-16 nm

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9
Q

What are the subunits of thick filaments?

A

Myosin

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10
Q

Myosin makes up which cytoskeletal component?

A

Thick filaments

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11
Q

What is the diameter of intermediate filaments?

A

About 10 nm

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12
Q

Cytokeratins are what kind of cytoskeletal component?

A

Intermediate filament

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13
Q

Desmin is what kind of cytoskeletal component?

A

Intermediate filament

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14
Q

Where are cytokeratins localized?

A

Epithelial cells

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15
Q

Where is desmin localized?

A

Muscle (smooth and striated)

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16
Q

Glial fibrillary acidic proteins (GFAPs) are what kind of cytoskeletal component?

A

Intermediate filament

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17
Q

Where are glial fibrillary acidic proteins (GFAPs) localized?

A

Astrocytic glial cells

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18
Q

Neurofilament proteins are what kind of cytoskeletal component?

A

Intermediate filament

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19
Q

Where are neurofilaments localized?

A

Neurons

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20
Q

Nuclear lamins are what kind of cytoskeletal component?

A

Intermediate filament

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21
Q

Where are nuclear lamins localized?

A

Nucleus of all cells

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22
Q

Vimentin is what kind of cytoskeletal component?

A

Intermediate filament

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23
Q

Where is vimentin localized?

A

Many mesodermal tissues

24
Q

Mallory bodies are characteristic of what disease?

A

Alcoholic liver disease

25
Q

Mallory bodies are made up of what type of intermediate filament?

A

Cytokeratins

26
Q

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex is a disease characterized by lack of assembly of what intermediate filament?

A

Keratin

27
Q

What do cytokeratins form?

A

Tonofilaments

28
Q

Vimentin is found in what cell types?

A

1) Fibroblasts2) Chondroblasts

29
Q

GFAP aggregates are observed in what diseases?

A

1) Alexander disease2) Chronic gliosis3) Astrocytomas

30
Q

What are Rosenthal’s fibers?

A

Aggregations of GFAPs

31
Q

Pathologists can determine tumor type based on what cytoskeletal component?

A

Intermediate filaments

32
Q

The centrosome (MTOC) conducts what microtubular processes / properties?

A

1) Number2) Polarity3) Direction4) Orientation5) Organization

33
Q

What makes up the centrosome (MTOC)?

A

Two centrioles and an amorphous pericentriolar material

34
Q

What is the arrangement of centrioles?

A

9x3 arrangement of microtubules

35
Q

How are basal bodies formed?

A

Centrioles replicate to form procentrioles, which then become basal bodies

36
Q

What are basal bodies required for?

A

Formation of microtubules associated with cilia and flagella

37
Q

How is the centrosome involved in mitosis?

A

Formation of mitotic spindle

38
Q

Are neoplastic cells with well-differentiated nuclei usually benign or malignant?

A

Benign

39
Q

Are nuclei basophilic or acidophilic?

A

Basophilic

40
Q

What are the components of the nucleus?

A

1) Nuclear envelope (double unit membrane)2) Nuclear matrix (nucleoplasm)3) Chromatin4) Nuclear bodies (domains)

41
Q

What is the function of Cajal bodies?

A

Modification and assembly of molecular machinery to splice newly transcribed pre-mRNA into mRNA

42
Q

What are GEMs?

A

Gemini of Cajal bodies

43
Q

What is the cause of spinal muscular atrophy?

A

Mutation of survival of motor neurons (SMN) gene. SMN protein localizes to GEMs and causes death of motor neurons in anterior gray horns of spinal cord

44
Q

What are PML bodies and what do they do?

A

1) Promyelocytic leukemia bodies2) Modify and assembly proteins involved in DNA repair and triggering of apoptosis

45
Q

What is the diameter of a nuclear pore?

A

70 nm

46
Q

How many subunits make up a nuclear pore?

A

8

47
Q

What is the diameter limit for freely permeable molecules and ions passing through the nuclear pore?

A
48
Q

The nuclear pore selectively transports what molecules?

A

1) RNA2) Ribosomal subunits3) Proteins4) Other molecules and ions

49
Q

What are the functions of the nuclear lamina?

A

1) Supports inner nuclear membrane2) Disassembly of nuclear envelope during prometaphase - lamins are phosphorylated3) Reassembly of nuclear envelope during telophase - lamins are dephosphorylated

50
Q

During disassembly of the nuclear envelope in prometaphase, are lamins phosphorylated or desphosphorylated?

A

Phosphorylated

51
Q

During reassembly of the nuclear envelope in telophase, are lamins phosphorylated or desphosphorylated?

A

Dephosphrylated

52
Q

Mutations in the nuclear lamina are associated with what diseases?

A

1) One form of muscular dystrophy2) Two forms of progeria

53
Q

What is the basic structural unit of chromatin?

A

Nucleosome

54
Q

Is heterochromatin transcriptionally active or inactive?

A

Inactive

55
Q

Is euchromatin transcriptionally active or inactive?

A

Active

Year 1 Cell Biology (40 decks)

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