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Year 1 Cell Biology > Neoplasia > Flashcards

Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

Fibroma

A

Benign tumor that is fibrous or developed CT

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2
Q

Chondroma

A

Benign growth of hyaline cartilage

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3
Q

Adenoma

A
  1. Epithelial cell benign tumor2. Epithelial cells from a glandular structure or are derived from glandular tissue
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4
Q

Hemangioma

A

Benign tumor of newly formed blood vessels

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5
Q

Lymphoma

A

Benign tumor of lymphoid tissue

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6
Q

Papilloma

A

Benign epithelial tumor of the skin or mucous membrane (mucosa) possessing finger-like projections

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7
Q

Polyp

A

Benign protrusion from a mucous membrane (mucosa)

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8
Q

Benign tumor that is fibrous or developed CT

A

Fibroma

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9
Q

Benign growth of hyaline cartilage

A

Chondroma

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10
Q
  1. Epithelial cell benign tumor2. Epithelial cells from a glandular structure or are derived from glandular tissue
A

Adenoma

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11
Q

Benign tumor of newly formed blood vessels

A

Hemangioma

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12
Q

Benign tumor of lymphoid tissue

A

Lymphoma

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13
Q

Benign epithelial tumor of the skin or mucous membrane (mucosa) possessing finger-like projections

A

Papilloma

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14
Q

Benign protrusion from a mucous membrane (mucosa)

A

Polyp

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15
Q

Sarcoma

A

Malignant tumors derived from derivatives of mesenchymal CT

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16
Q

Carcinoma

A

Malignant tumors derived from epithelial cells

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17
Q

What is an example of a mixed tumor?

A
  1. Pleomorphic tumor of parotid gland2. Epithelial cells form ducts3. CT stroma
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18
Q

What is the cause of a mixed tumor?

A

When a clonal tumor cell divides into two divergent pathways

19
Q

What is a teratoma?

A
  1. Tumor derived from more than one germ layer2. May be benign or malignant
20
Q

Anaplasia

A

A state where tumor cells lack differentiation

21
Q

Pleomorphism

A

Cells and nuclei are variable in size and shape

22
Q

What are the characteristics of anaplasia?

A
  1. Pleomorphism2. Abnormal nuclear structure3. Mitoses4. Loss of polarity
23
Q

What characterizes abnormal nuclear structure?

A
  1. Nuclei contain abundance of DNA 2. Hyperchromatic nuclei3. Large nuclei4. Large nucleoli
24
Q

What is loss of polarity?

A

Cells lose normal organization

25
What are the main pathways of spread?
1. Direct seeding of cavities or surfaces2. Lymphatic spread3. Hematogenous4. Perineural invasion and spread
26
What characterizes perineural invasion and spread?
1. Cancer cells invade and spread in the CT space around a nerve2. Common in head / neck, prostate, and pancreas cancers3. Aggressive behavior usually correlating with a poorer prognosis4. Painful
27
What are the top three cancers by site and gender based on incidence?
1. Prostate / breast2. Lung3. Colorectal
28
What are the top three cancers by site and gender based on mortality?
1. Lung2. Prostate / breast3. Colorectal
29
In 70% of prostate cancer cases where does the adenocarcinoma arise?
Peripheral zone, usually posteriorly
30
What are markers for prostate cancer?
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate serum acid phosphatase (PSAP)
31
What is the molecular pathogenesis of prostate cancer?
1. Cancer suppressor genes lose early in carcinogenesis2. p53 mutations occur late 3. Loss of cadherins4. Spread to vertebral column
32
Where are 50% of breast cancers found?
Upper lateral quadrant
33
Most types of breast cancer are of what type?
Adenocarcinomas
34
How are breast cancers categorized?
1. Carcinoma in situ2. Invasive carcinoma
35
Where do 75% of lung cancers originate?
Priamry, secondary, or tertiary bronchi
36
What are the main categories of lunch cancer?
1. Squamous cell carcinoma 2. Adenocarcinoma3. Small cell carcinoma4. Large cell carcinoma
37
What are the features of squamous cell carcinoma lung cancer?
1. Keratin pearl2. More common in men3. Strong relationship to smoking
38
What are the features of adenocarcinoma lung cancer?
1. Glandular profiles (epithelial cells in lumen)2. More frequent in women3. More frequent in nonsmokers
39
What are features of small cell carcinoma lung cancer?
1. Most malignant2. Strong relationship to smoking
40
What are features of large cell carcinoma lung cancer?
Undifferentiated
41
Which type of colorectal cancer is most malignant?
Sessile villous
42
Which side has the higher colon cancer rate?
Left
43
What are the stages of colorectal cancer?
T1s - still within mucosaT1 - penetration into submucosaT2 - deeper penetration into muscularis externaT3 - full penetration into muscularis externa

Year 1 Cell Biology (40 decks)

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