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Year 1 Cell Biology > Neoplasia > Flashcards

Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

Fibroma

A

Benign tumor that is fibrous or developed CT

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2
Q

Chondroma

A

Benign growth of hyaline cartilage

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3
Q

Adenoma

A
  1. Epithelial cell benign tumor2. Epithelial cells from a glandular structure or are derived from glandular tissue
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4
Q

Hemangioma

A

Benign tumor of newly formed blood vessels

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5
Q

Lymphoma

A

Benign tumor of lymphoid tissue

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6
Q

Papilloma

A

Benign epithelial tumor of the skin or mucous membrane (mucosa) possessing finger-like projections

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7
Q

Polyp

A

Benign protrusion from a mucous membrane (mucosa)

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8
Q

Benign tumor that is fibrous or developed CT

A

Fibroma

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9
Q

Benign growth of hyaline cartilage

A

Chondroma

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10
Q
  1. Epithelial cell benign tumor2. Epithelial cells from a glandular structure or are derived from glandular tissue
A

Adenoma

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11
Q

Benign tumor of newly formed blood vessels

A

Hemangioma

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12
Q

Benign tumor of lymphoid tissue

A

Lymphoma

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13
Q

Benign epithelial tumor of the skin or mucous membrane (mucosa) possessing finger-like projections

A

Papilloma

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14
Q

Benign protrusion from a mucous membrane (mucosa)

A

Polyp

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15
Q

Sarcoma

A

Malignant tumors derived from derivatives of mesenchymal CT

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16
Q

Carcinoma

A

Malignant tumors derived from epithelial cells

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17
Q

What is an example of a mixed tumor?

A
  1. Pleomorphic tumor of parotid gland2. Epithelial cells form ducts3. CT stroma
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18
Q

What is the cause of a mixed tumor?

A

When a clonal tumor cell divides into two divergent pathways

19
Q

What is a teratoma?

A
  1. Tumor derived from more than one germ layer2. May be benign or malignant
20
Q

Anaplasia

A

A state where tumor cells lack differentiation

21
Q

Pleomorphism

A

Cells and nuclei are variable in size and shape

22
Q

What are the characteristics of anaplasia?

A
  1. Pleomorphism2. Abnormal nuclear structure3. Mitoses4. Loss of polarity
23
Q

What characterizes abnormal nuclear structure?

A
  1. Nuclei contain abundance of DNA 2. Hyperchromatic nuclei3. Large nuclei4. Large nucleoli
24
Q

What is loss of polarity?

A

Cells lose normal organization

25
Q

What are the main pathways of spread?

A
  1. Direct seeding of cavities or surfaces2. Lymphatic spread3. Hematogenous4. Perineural invasion and spread
26
Q

What characterizes perineural invasion and spread?

A
  1. Cancer cells invade and spread in the CT space around a nerve2. Common in head / neck, prostate, and pancreas cancers3. Aggressive behavior usually correlating with a poorer prognosis4. Painful
27
Q

What are the top three cancers by site and gender based on incidence?

A
  1. Prostate / breast2. Lung3. Colorectal
28
Q

What are the top three cancers by site and gender based on mortality?

A
  1. Lung2. Prostate / breast3. Colorectal
29
Q

In 70% of prostate cancer cases where does the adenocarcinoma arise?

A

Peripheral zone, usually posteriorly

30
Q

What are markers for prostate cancer?

A

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate serum acid phosphatase (PSAP)

31
Q

What is the molecular pathogenesis of prostate cancer?

A
  1. Cancer suppressor genes lose early in carcinogenesis2. p53 mutations occur late 3. Loss of cadherins4. Spread to vertebral column
32
Q

Where are 50% of breast cancers found?

A

Upper lateral quadrant

33
Q

Most types of breast cancer are of what type?

A

Adenocarcinomas

34
Q

How are breast cancers categorized?

A
  1. Carcinoma in situ2. Invasive carcinoma
35
Q

Where do 75% of lung cancers originate?

A

Priamry, secondary, or tertiary bronchi

36
Q

What are the main categories of lunch cancer?

A
  1. Squamous cell carcinoma 2. Adenocarcinoma3. Small cell carcinoma4. Large cell carcinoma
37
Q

What are the features of squamous cell carcinoma lung cancer?

A
  1. Keratin pearl2. More common in men3. Strong relationship to smoking
38
Q

What are the features of adenocarcinoma lung cancer?

A
  1. Glandular profiles (epithelial cells in lumen)2. More frequent in women3. More frequent in nonsmokers
39
Q

What are features of small cell carcinoma lung cancer?

A
  1. Most malignant2. Strong relationship to smoking
40
Q

What are features of large cell carcinoma lung cancer?

A

Undifferentiated

41
Q

Which type of colorectal cancer is most malignant?

A

Sessile villous

42
Q

Which side has the higher colon cancer rate?

A

Left

43
Q

What are the stages of colorectal cancer?

A

T1s - still within mucosaT1 - penetration into submucosaT2 - deeper penetration into muscularis externaT3 - full penetration into muscularis externa

Year 1 Cell Biology (40 decks)

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