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Year 1 Cell Biology > Integument > Flashcards

Integument Flashcards

1
Q

What constitutes the integumentary system?

A
  1. Skin2. Sweat glands3. Sebaceous glands4. Hair5. Nails
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2
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the epidermis?

A

Stratified squamous keratinized

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3
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the dermis?

A
  1. Loose CT2. Dense irregular collagenous CT
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4
Q

What layer of skin is injured in superficial burns?

A

Epidermis

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5
Q

What are the nonkeratinocytes?

A
  1. Langerhans cells2. Merkel cells3. Melanocytes
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6
Q

What is the primary function of Langerhans cells?

A

Defense

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7
Q

What is the precursor of Langerhans cells?

A

Bone marrow

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8
Q

Where are Langerhans cells mainly located?

A

Stratum spinosum

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9
Q

Which cell type is responsible for antigen presentation in the skin?

A

Langerhans cells

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10
Q

Birbeck granules are unique to what type of cell?

A

Langerhans cell

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11
Q

What is the main function of Merkel cells?

A

Mechanoreceptor

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12
Q

Where are Merkel cells mainly located?

A

Stratum basale (many in fingertips and base of hair follicles)

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13
Q

How are Merkel cells attaced to keratinocytes?

A

Desmosomes

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14
Q

The Merkel cell - neurite complex is responsible for what sensation?

A

Discriminative touch - picking up fine detailed sensory information such as shape and texture

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15
Q

What is the main function of melanocytes?

A

Protection from UV radiation

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16
Q

What is the precursor of melanocytes?

A

Neural crest

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17
Q

Bone marrow is the origin for what nonkeratinized cell of the epidermis?

A

Langerhans cells

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18
Q

Neural crest is the origin for what nonkeratinized cell of the epidermis?

A

Melanocytes

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19
Q

What pigment do melanocytes synthesize?

A

Melanin

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20
Q

Where are melanocytes mainly found?

A

Stratum basale and superficial dermis

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21
Q

What nonkeratinized cell type of the epidermis is found in the stratum basale and superficial dermis?

A

Melanocytes

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22
Q

What nonkeratinized cell type of the epidermis is found in the stratum spinosum?

A

Langerhans cells

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23
Q

What nonkeratinized cell type of the epidermis is found in the stratum basale?

A

Merkel cells

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24
Q

The cytoplasmic processes of melanocytes project into what layer of the epidermis?

A

Stratum spinosum

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25
Q

Where is tyrosinase synthesized?

A

rER

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26
Q

When is tyrosinase incorporated into melanosomes?

A

After Golgi processing

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27
Q

When and where is tyrosine converted to melanin?

A

In the melanosome, post-Golgi

28
Q

What contributes to level of pigmentation in different races / people?

A
  1. Tyrosinase activity2. Number of melanin granules3. Size of melanin granules4. Distribution of melanin5. Rate of melanin breakdown
29
Q

From superficial to basal, what are the strata of THICK skin?

A
  1. Stratum corneum2. Stratum lucidum3. Stratum granulosum4. Stratum spinosum5. Stratum basale (germinativum)
30
Q

What is the general function of the stratum corneum?

A

Protection

31
Q

What are characteristics of the stratum corneum?

A
  1. Flattened, dessicated, keratinized, dead cells2. No nuclei or organelles3. Keratin filaments and amorphous matrix4. No desmosomes - desquamate
32
Q

What is the general function of the stratum lucidum?

A

Protection

33
Q

What are characteristics of the stratum lucidum?

A
  1. Sublayer of stratum corneum2. Perceptible in thick skin3. No organelles of nuclei4. Keratin filaments
34
Q

What is the general function of the stratum granulosum?

A

Waterproofing

35
Q

What are characteristics of the stratum granulosum?

A
  1. Nucleated - apoptotic nuclear morphology2. Keratohyalin granules3. Membrane-coated granules
36
Q

In which layer of epidermis are membrane-coated granules found?

A

Stratum granulosum

37
Q

In which layer of epidermis are keratohyalin granules found?

A

Stratum granulosum

38
Q

What is contained within the membrane-coated granules of the stratum granulosum?

39
Q

What is the general function of the stratum spinosum?

A

Binding, protection

40
Q

What are characteristics of the stratum spinosum?

A
  1. Interdigitating processes (intercellular bridges)2. Bundles of intermediate filaments (tonofilaments - cytokeratin)3. Membrane-coating granules4. Mitosis in basal layer5. Langerhans cells
41
Q

What is the general function of the stratum basale?

A

Cell renewal, anchor epidermis to basement membrane

42
Q

What are characteristics of the stratum basale?

A
  1. Single layer of cells2. Desmosomes laterally, hemidesmosomes basally3. Most intense mitotic activity
43
Q

What are the strata of THIN skin?

A
  1. Stratum corneum2. Stratum spinosum3. Stratum basale
44
Q

What is the “glue” of the basement membrane holding the epidermis to the dermis?

A

Carbohydrates

45
Q

What is the “anchor” of the basement membrane holding the epidermis to the dermis?

A

Collagen fibers

46
Q

Which embryonic germ layer gives rise to the dermis?

47
Q

Structure and strength of the dermis is provided via what protein?

48
Q

What feature of the dermis - epidermis layer is responsible for fingerprints?

A

Dermal ridges

49
Q

What are the layers of the dermis?

A
  1. Papillary 2. Reticular
50
Q

The papillary layer of the dermis contains what types of connective tissue fibers?

A
  1. Type III collagen (reticular)2. Type VII collagen (fibrils to anchor dermis to epidermis)3. Some elastic fibers
51
Q

Partial thickness burns involve what layer of skin?

52
Q

The reticular layer of the dermis contains what types of connective tissue fibers?

A
  1. Type I collagen - regular orientation2. Thick elastic fibers
53
Q

In which layer of the dermis are hair follicles, arrector pili muscles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands found?

A

Reticular layer

54
Q

What is the general function of eccrine glands?

A

Thermoregulation

55
Q

Where are eccrine glands located?

A

Deep in dermis or hypodermis

56
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the secretory segment of eccrine glands?

A

Simple cuboidal to low columnar (or pseudostratified)

57
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the duct segment of eccrine glands?

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

58
Q

Where are apocrine glands located?

A

Deep dermis and hypodermis of axilla, areola, anus, external auditory meatus, eyelids

59
Q

Which glands have myoepithelial cells associated with them?

A

Eccrine glands

60
Q

What is the secretory method for apocrine glands?

61
Q

Where are sebaceous glands located?

A

Dermis and hypodermis throughout body, numerous in scalp and face

62
Q

In sebaceous glands, where are the immature cells located?

63
Q

What is the secretory method for sebaceous glands?

64
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the duct segment of sebaceous glands?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

65
Q

Where does nail growth take place?

A

Nail matrix (root)

66
Q

Where are Merkel cells located?

A

Stratum basale of epidermis (non partying regions of the skin)

Year 1 Cell Biology (40 decks)

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