Ear

Question 1

What type of epithelium makes up the inner surface of the tympanic membrane?

Answer 1

Simple squamous to simple cuboidal

Question 2

What kind of epithelium lines the middle ear?

Answer 2

Simple squamous

Question 3

What is the function of the tensor tympani?

Answer 3

Increase tension on the tympanic membrane

Question 4

What is the function of the stapedius?

Answer 4

Dampens movement of the stapes on the oval window

Question 5

What is the attenuation reflex?

Answer 5

Combined action of stapedius and tensor tympani to protect internal ear from damaging loud sounds

Question 6

What is otosclerosis?

Answer 6

Bone remodeling causing stapes to be fixed onto oval window

Question 7

What type of epithelium lines the auditory tube?

Answer 7

Pseudostratified columnar with goblet cells

Question 8

What type of epithelium lines the mastoid air cells?

Answer 8

Simple squamous

Question 9

What is the endolymphatic space?

Answer 9

Within membranous labyrinth

Question 10

What is the chemical composition of endolymph?

Answer 10

High K+, low Na+

Question 11

Where is the perilymphatic space?

Answer 11

Between membranous and bony labyrinths

Question 12

What is the chemical composition of the perilymphatic space

Answer 12

High Na+, low K+

Question 13

Where is the cortilymphatic space located?

Answer 13

Within the tunnels of the organ of Corti of the cochlea

Question 14

What is the chemical composition of the cortilymphatic space?

Answer 14

High Na+, low k+

Question 15

What are the two divisions of bony labyrinth?

Answer 15

1. Cochlear labyrinth2. Vestibular labyrinth

Question 16

How is the cochlear duct connected to the saccule?

Answer 16

Ductus reuniens

Question 17

How are the utricle and saccule connected?

Answer 17

Utriculosaccular duct

Question 18

What is the crista ampullaris?

Answer 18

Sensory receptor located in the ampulla of semicircular duct; for angular movements of the head

Question 19

What are otoliths?

Answer 19

Crystalline bodies of calcium carbonate and a protein that are specialized to sense linear movement of head and gravity

Question 20

What is the scala media?

Answer 20

Aka cochlear duct; compartment that houses organ of Corti and ends at helicotrema

Question 21

What is the scala media filled with?

Answer 21

Endolymph

Question 22

What is the scala vestibuli?

Answer 22

Compartment above the cochlear duct

Question 23

What is the scala vestibuli filled with?

Answer 23

Perilymph

Question 24

What is the scala tympani?

Answer 24

Compartment below the cochlear duct and ends at round window on medial wall of middle ear

Question 25

What is the scala tympani filled with?

Answer 25

Perilymph

Question 26

What is the vestibular (Reissner's) membrane?

Answer 26

1. Separates cochlear duct from scala vestibuli (roof of scala media)2. Two layers of squamous epithelium with tight junctions

Question 27

What fluid does the stria vascularis produce?

Answer 27

Endolymph

Question 28

What is the basilar membrane?

Answer 28

Forms the floor of the scala media, extends from spiral lamina of modiolus to lateral wall

Question 29

What is the function of the basilar membrane?

Answer 29

Supports organ of Corti via spiral ligament

Question 30

Does the organ of Corti have kinocilium?

Answer 30

No

Question 31

Discrimination between sound frequencies depends on response of what membrane?

Answer 31

Basilar

Question 32

What can cause increased pressure of endolymph?

Answer 32

1. Meniere's disease2. Dizziness3. Tinnitus4. Vertigo

Question 33

Where is the spiral ganglion located?

Answer 33

Modiolus

Question 34

What type of epithelium lines the ossicle?

Answer 34

Simple squamous

Question 35

In which plane is the utricle?

Answer 35

Horizontal

Question 36

In which plane is the saccule?

Answer 36

Verticle

Question 37

What are phalangeal cells?

Answer 37

Support hair cells; inner phalangeal cells completely surround inner hair cells

Question 38

What is the tectorial membrane?

Answer 38

1. Membrane that projects over and attaches to organ of Corti by stereocilia of hair cells2. Made of collagen II, V, IX3. Contains glycoproteins called otogelin and tectorin4. Attached medially at modiolus