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Year 1 Cell Biology > Applications of tissue processing > Flashcards

Applications of tissue processing Flashcards

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1
Q

Chemical used for fixation

A

Formalin glutaraldehyde

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2
Q

Chemical used for dehydration

A

Ethanol (50% - 100%)

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3
Q

Chemical used for clearing

A

Xylene

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4
Q

Chemical used for embedding

A

Paraffin wax

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5
Q

Acid dyes have what net charge?

A

Negative

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6
Q

Basic dyes have what net charge?

A

Positive

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7
Q

Acidophilic tissues have what net charge?

A

Positive

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8
Q

Basophilic tissues have what net charge?

A

Negative

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9
Q

What is metachromasia?

A

A given stain imparts different colors to the tissue (e.g. mast cells stained with toluidine blue)

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10
Q

What is the structure affinity for Hematoxylin?

A

1) RNA2) DNA3) Ribosomes4) rER

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11
Q

What is the structure affinity for Eosin?

A

1) Secretory vesicles2) sER3) Lysosomes4) Mitochondria5) Type I collagen

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12
Q

What stain(s) could you use for RNA?

A

Hematoxylin

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13
Q

What stain(s) could you use for DNA?

A

Hematoxylin (blue), Feulgen reaction (magenta)

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14
Q

What stain(s) could you use for rER?

A

Hematoxylin

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15
Q

What stain(s) could you use for secretory vesicles?

A

Eosin

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16
Q

What stain(s) could you use for sER?

A

Eosin

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17
Q

What stain(s) could you use for lysosomes?

A

Eosin

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18
Q

What stain(s) could you use for mitochondria?

A

Eosin (pink), iron hematoxylin (dark blue to black)

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19
Q

What stain(s) could you use for Type I collagen?

A

Eosin

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20
Q

What is the structure affinity for Feulgen Reaction?

A

DNA

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21
Q

What is the structure affinity for Mallory Triple?

A

1) Nuclei (red)2) Muscle (red to orange)3) Collagen (blue)4) Hyaline cartilage (blue)

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22
Q

What stain(s) could you use for nuclei?

A

Mallory triple

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23
Q

What stain(s) could you use for muscle?

A

Mallory triple

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24
Q

What stain(s) could you use for collagen?

A

Mallory triple, Eosin (type I)

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25
Q

What stain(s) could you use for hyaline cartilage?

A

Mallory triple

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26
Q

What is the structure affinity for PAS Reaction?

A

Carbohydrates (magenta)

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27
Q

What stain(s) could you use for carbohydrates?

A

PAS reaction

28
Q

What is the structure affinity for Osmic Acid?

A

Lipids (black)

29
Q

What stain(s) could you use for lipids?

A

Osmic acid

30
Q

What is the structure affinity for Verhoeff?

A

Elastic fibers (black)

31
Q

What stain(s) could you use for elastic fibers?

A

Verhoeff

32
Q

What is the structure affinity for Silver Methods?

A

Intermediate filaments of:1) Nerve cells (black)2) Glial cells (black)3) Reticular fibers (black)

33
Q

What stain(s) could you use for intermediate filaments of nerve cells?

A

Silver Methods

34
Q

What stain(s) could you use for intermediate filaments of glial cells?

A

Silver Methods

35
Q

What stain(s) could you use for intermediate filaments of reticular fibers?

A

Silver Methods

36
Q

What is the structure affinity for Trypan Blue?

A

Macrophages (blue)

37
Q

What stain(s) could you use for macrophages?

A

Trypan Blue

38
Q

What is the structure affinity for Prussian Blue?

A

Hemosiderin, ferric iron (blue)

39
Q

What stain(s) could you use for hemosiderin?

A

Prussian Blue

40
Q

What stain(s) could you use for ferric iron?

A

Prussian Blue

41
Q

What is the structure affinity for Nissl?

A

Ribosomes (blue)

42
Q

What stain(s) could you use for ribosomes?

A

Hematoxylin (blue), Nissl (blue)

43
Q

What is the structure affinity for iron hematoxylin?

A

1) Nuclear elements (dark blue to black)2) Chromosomes (dark blue to black)3) Mitochondria (dark blue to black)4) Centrioles (dark blue to black)5) Muscle striation (dark blue to black)

44
Q

What stain(s) could you use for nuclear elements?

A

Hematoxylin (blue), iron hematoxylin (dark blue to black), Feulgen Reaction (magenta), Mallory Triple (red)

45
Q

What stain(s) could you use for chromosomes?

A

Iron hematoxylin

46
Q

What stain(s) could you use for mitochondria?

A

Eosin (pink), iron hematoxylin (dark blue to black)

47
Q

What stain(s) could you use for centrioles?

A

Iron hematoxylin (dark blue to black)

48
Q

What stain(s) could you use for muscle striation?

A

Iron hematoxylin (dark blue to black)

49
Q

What stain is used for coagulative necrosis?

A

H & E

50
Q

What stain is used for thickened basement membranes in kidney disease?

A

PAS Reaction

51
Q

What stain is used for glycogen storage disorders?

A

PAS Reaction

52
Q

What stain is used for alpha 1 - antitrypsin deficiency in liver cells?

A

PAS Reaction

53
Q

What stain is used for fibrosis?

A

Mallory Triple

54
Q

What stain is used to detect nuclear changes in cancer?

A

Feulgen Reaction

55
Q

What stain is used to detect excessive iron accumulation in hematochromatosis?

A

Prussin Blue

56
Q

What stain is used to detect extracellular deposits of amyloid?

A

Congo Red

57
Q

What stain is used to detect elastic fibers in Marfan Syndrome?

A

Verhoeff

58
Q

Which is more sensitive - direct or indirect IHC?

A

Indirect (more antibodies)

59
Q

What are four clinical utilities of IHC?

A

1) Categorization of tumor origin and aggressiveness 2) Estrogen receptors in breast cancer3) HER2 / Neu in breast cancers and adenocarcinomas4) Carcinoembryonic antigen in breast and intestinal cancers

60
Q

What does FISH detect / identify?

A

A nucleic acid sequence of interest

61
Q

What does FISH use to identify a nucleic acid sequence of interest?

A

Complementary nucleic acid probes

62
Q

What method would be used to detect a cell infected with a virus (e.g. HPV2)?

A

FISH

63
Q

What method would be used to detect specific genes on a chromosome (e.g. BRCA1 / BRCA2)?

A

FISH

64
Q

What method would be used to detect amplification of genes (e.g. myc, HER2 / Neu)?

A

FISH

65
Q

What are three clinical utilities of FISH?

A

1) Detect cells infected with a virus2) Detect specific genes on a chromosome3) Detect amplification of genes

66
Q

What disease is characterized by teenage blindness and hairy palms?

A

Kevin Ehlers Disease

Year 1 Cell Biology (40 decks)

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