Respiratory: expectorants-nebulizer Flashcards

1
Q

what are expectorants?

A

drugs that increase the fluid consistency of mucus in the respiratory tract

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2
Q

what are two expectorants?

A

guaifenisin/saline solution

volatile

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3
Q

what does guaifenisin do?

A

stimulates receptors in the stomach which in turn increases fluid secretions in the respiratory tract

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4
Q

what do volatile oils do?

A

inhaled vaporss stimulate respiratory symptoms

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5
Q

what are bronchodialaters?

A

drugs that relieve bronchoconstriction caused by contraction of the smooth muscle surrounding the terminal bronchioles.

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6
Q

what can cause bronchioconstriction?3

A

increased parasympathetic nervous system stimulation
histamine release
or prevention of sympathetic nervous system stimulation

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7
Q

what are two bronchiodialators?

A

beta-adrenergic agonists

methylxanthines

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8
Q

what does beta adrenergic agonist do?

A

stimulate the sympathetic nervous system beta 2 receptors involved in bronchodialation and stabilization of mast cells

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9
Q

what does methylxanthines do?

A

cause bronchodialation by interfering with the smooth muscle cells metabilism which inhibits breakdown of c-AMP
increases the force of contraction of the respiratory muscles and the heart, which causes dialation of the coronary arteries

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10
Q

what are two side effects with methylxanthines?

A

CNS stimulation and GI upset are often observed with administration

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11
Q

methylxanthines are metabolized by the same ____ enzymes that also metabolize ____

A

liver

barbituates

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12
Q

what is the enzyme that metabolizes methylxanthines?

A

cytochrome p450

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13
Q

why would you use gluccocorticoids for the respiratory system?

A

to reduce inflammation and edema that can occur at the bronchioles

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14
Q

what is the saftest type of gluccocorticoids with the least side effects?

A

inhaled

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15
Q

what in an inhalable gluccocorticoid?

A

fluticasone

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16
Q

why would you use antihistamines for the respiratory system?

A

block the histamine receptor on the smooth muscle surrounding the bronchiole, preventing bronchoconstriction

17
Q

why would you use a diretic for respiratory problems?

A

cause the removal of accumulated fluid from the lung by promoting the loss of body water

18
Q

why would you nebulize and coupage?

A

airway humidification may assist in expectoration of secreations

19
Q

what is coupage?

A

clapping on the chest to mobilize/loosen secreations