Respiratory: expectorants-nebulizer Flashcards
what are expectorants?
drugs that increase the fluid consistency of mucus in the respiratory tract
what are two expectorants?
guaifenisin/saline solution
volatile
what does guaifenisin do?
stimulates receptors in the stomach which in turn increases fluid secretions in the respiratory tract
what do volatile oils do?
inhaled vaporss stimulate respiratory symptoms
what are bronchodialaters?
drugs that relieve bronchoconstriction caused by contraction of the smooth muscle surrounding the terminal bronchioles.
what can cause bronchioconstriction?3
increased parasympathetic nervous system stimulation
histamine release
or prevention of sympathetic nervous system stimulation
what are two bronchiodialators?
beta-adrenergic agonists
methylxanthines
what does beta adrenergic agonist do?
stimulate the sympathetic nervous system beta 2 receptors involved in bronchodialation and stabilization of mast cells
what does methylxanthines do?
cause bronchodialation by interfering with the smooth muscle cells metabilism which inhibits breakdown of c-AMP
increases the force of contraction of the respiratory muscles and the heart, which causes dialation of the coronary arteries
what are two side effects with methylxanthines?
CNS stimulation and GI upset are often observed with administration
methylxanthines are metabolized by the same ____ enzymes that also metabolize ____
liver
barbituates
what is the enzyme that metabolizes methylxanthines?
cytochrome p450
why would you use gluccocorticoids for the respiratory system?
to reduce inflammation and edema that can occur at the bronchioles
what is the saftest type of gluccocorticoids with the least side effects?
inhaled
what in an inhalable gluccocorticoid?
fluticasone
why would you use antihistamines for the respiratory system?
block the histamine receptor on the smooth muscle surrounding the bronchiole, preventing bronchoconstriction
why would you use a diretic for respiratory problems?
cause the removal of accumulated fluid from the lung by promoting the loss of body water
why would you nebulize and coupage?
airway humidification may assist in expectoration of secreations
what is coupage?
clapping on the chest to mobilize/loosen secreations
