GI system: emetics and anti emetics Flashcards

1
Q

What do centerally acting emetics do?

A

stimulate dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone

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2
Q

what do locally acting emetics cause?

A

irritation to the GIT which stimulates the vagus nerve

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3
Q

what are two emetics and which one is centrally acting and locally acting?

A

apomorphine (centrally) and syrup of ipecac (locally)

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4
Q

Apomorphine has a rapid effect after what type of administration?

A

IV, IM, or subconjunctable

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5
Q

what are two side effects of apomorphine?

A

CNS depression and prolonged vomitting

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6
Q

What can reverse apomorphone?

A

naloxone

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7
Q

What does the syrup of ipecac do?

A

irritates the stomach mucosa and is absorbed.

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8
Q

What can lead to toxic effects on the heart in high concentration, and cannot be administered with activated charcoal?

A

syrup of ipecac

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9
Q

what are three locally acting emetics but do not work consistantly?

A

hydrogen peroxide
warm concentrated salt water
mustard and salt water

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10
Q

what are five antiemetics?

A
metaclopramide
maropitant
phenothiazin tranquilizers
antihistamines
anticholinergics
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11
Q

how is metaclorpromide administered?

A

SC or IV

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12
Q

What does metaclorpramide systemically?

A

blocks the dopamine receptorns in the CRTZ and acts locally by increasing the lower esophageal muscle tone,

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13
Q

What does metaclorpramide do locally?

A

increases the lower esophageal muscle tone,relaxes pyloric outflow tract, increases gastric and intestinal motility

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14
Q

what are two side effects of metaclorpromide?

A

sedation and excitment in cats

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15
Q

What does maropitant do?

A

acts in CNS by inhibiting substance P

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16
Q

what is maropitant?

A

a neurokin 1 antagonist/blocker

17
Q

what is substance p?

A

the key neurotransmitter involved in vomitting.

18
Q

What kind of emisis does maropitant decrease?

A

peripheral and centrally mediated emisis

19
Q

what are three examples of phenothiazine tranquilizers?

A

acepromazine
chlorpromazine
prochlorperazine

20
Q

What do phenothiazine tranquilizers do?

A

block dopamine receptors at CRTZ and comitting center

21
Q

What type of comiting do phenothiazine tranquilizers not prevent?

A

vomitting caused by GI irritation

22
Q

What is a precaution of phenothiazine tranquilizers?

A

be carful when using it with an animal that is prone to siezures

23
Q

what are two side effects of phenothiazine tranquilizers?

A

vasodialation

drop in BP

24
Q

what are three examples of antihistamines?

A

dimethyldihydrinate
diphenhydramine
meclinze

25
what do antihistamines do?
decreases the neural impulses from the 8th cranial nerve to the vomitting center
26
what are two side effects of antihistamines
sedative effect | can affect allergy
27
what are three examples of anticholinergics?
atropine aminopentamide isopropamide
28
what do anticholinergics do? 3
block acetylcholine block stimulation of the comitting center block stiulation of the muscles involved in vomiting
29
what are two possible side effects of anticholinergics?
may may decrease GI tract secretions and GI motility