GI system: emetics and anti emetics

Question 1

What do centerally acting emetics do?

Answer 1

stimulate dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone

Question 2

what do locally acting emetics cause?

Answer 2

irritation to the GIT which stimulates the vagus nerve

Question 3

what are two emetics and which one is centrally acting and locally acting?

Answer 3

apomorphine (centrally) and syrup of ipecac (locally)

Question 4

Apomorphine has a rapid effect after what type of administration?

Answer 4

IV, IM, or subconjunctable

Question 5

what are two side effects of apomorphine?

Answer 5

CNS depression and prolonged vomitting

Question 6

What can reverse apomorphone?

Answer 6

naloxone

Question 7

What does the syrup of ipecac do?

Answer 7

irritates the stomach mucosa and is absorbed.

Question 8

What can lead to toxic effects on the heart in high concentration, and cannot be administered with activated charcoal?

Answer 8

syrup of ipecac

Question 9

what are three locally acting emetics but do not work consistantly?

Answer 9

hydrogen peroxide
warm concentrated salt water
mustard and salt water

Question 10

what are five antiemetics?

Answer 10

metaclopramide
maropitant
phenothiazin tranquilizers
antihistamines
anticholinergics

Question 11

how is metaclorpromide administered?

Answer 11

SC or IV

Question 12

What does metaclorpramide systemically?

Answer 12

blocks the dopamine receptorns in the CRTZ and acts locally by increasing the lower esophageal muscle tone,

Question 13

What does metaclorpramide do locally?

Answer 13

increases the lower esophageal muscle tone,relaxes pyloric outflow tract, increases gastric and intestinal motility

Question 14

what are two side effects of metaclorpromide?

Answer 14

sedation and excitment in cats

Question 15

What does maropitant do?

Answer 15

acts in CNS by inhibiting substance P

Question 16

what is maropitant?

Answer 16

a neurokin 1 antagonist/blocker

Question 17

what is substance p?

Answer 17

the key neurotransmitter involved in vomitting.

Question 18

What kind of emisis does maropitant decrease?

Answer 18

peripheral and centrally mediated emisis

Question 19

what are three examples of phenothiazine tranquilizers?

Answer 19

acepromazine
chlorpromazine
prochlorperazine

Question 20

What do phenothiazine tranquilizers do?

Answer 20

block dopamine receptors at CRTZ and comitting center

Question 21

What type of comiting do phenothiazine tranquilizers not prevent?

Answer 21

vomitting caused by GI irritation

Question 22

What is a precaution of phenothiazine tranquilizers?

Answer 22

be carful when using it with an animal that is prone to siezures

Question 23

what are two side effects of phenothiazine tranquilizers?

Answer 23

vasodialation

drop in BP

Question 24

what are three examples of antihistamines?

Answer 24

dimethyldihydrinate
diphenhydramine
meclinze

Question 25

what do antihistamines do?

Answer 25

decreases the neural impulses from the 8th cranial nerve to the vomitting center

Question 26

what are two side effects of antihistamines

Answer 26

sedative effect

can affect allergy

Question 27

what are three examples of anticholinergics?

Answer 27

atropine
aminopentamide
isopropamide

Question 28

what do anticholinergics do? 3

Answer 28

block acetylcholine
block stimulation of the comitting center
block stiulation of the muscles involved in vomiting

Question 29

what are two possible side effects of anticholinergics?

Answer 29

may may decrease GI tract secretions and GI motility