GI system: emetics and anti emetics Flashcards
What do centerally acting emetics do?
stimulate dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone
what do locally acting emetics cause?
irritation to the GIT which stimulates the vagus nerve
what are two emetics and which one is centrally acting and locally acting?
apomorphine (centrally) and syrup of ipecac (locally)
Apomorphine has a rapid effect after what type of administration?
IV, IM, or subconjunctable
what are two side effects of apomorphine?
CNS depression and prolonged vomitting
What can reverse apomorphone?
naloxone
What does the syrup of ipecac do?
irritates the stomach mucosa and is absorbed.
What can lead to toxic effects on the heart in high concentration, and cannot be administered with activated charcoal?
syrup of ipecac
what are three locally acting emetics but do not work consistantly?
hydrogen peroxide
warm concentrated salt water
mustard and salt water
what are five antiemetics?
metaclopramide maropitant phenothiazin tranquilizers antihistamines anticholinergics
how is metaclorpromide administered?
SC or IV
What does metaclorpramide systemically?
blocks the dopamine receptorns in the CRTZ and acts locally by increasing the lower esophageal muscle tone,
What does metaclorpramide do locally?
increases the lower esophageal muscle tone,relaxes pyloric outflow tract, increases gastric and intestinal motility
what are two side effects of metaclorpromide?
sedation and excitment in cats
What does maropitant do?
acts in CNS by inhibiting substance P
what is maropitant?
a neurokin 1 antagonist/blocker
what is substance p?
the key neurotransmitter involved in vomitting.
What kind of emisis does maropitant decrease?
peripheral and centrally mediated emisis
what are three examples of phenothiazine tranquilizers?
acepromazine
chlorpromazine
prochlorperazine
What do phenothiazine tranquilizers do?
block dopamine receptors at CRTZ and comitting center
What type of comiting do phenothiazine tranquilizers not prevent?
vomitting caused by GI irritation
What is a precaution of phenothiazine tranquilizers?
be carful when using it with an animal that is prone to siezures
what are two side effects of phenothiazine tranquilizers?
vasodialation
drop in BP
what are three examples of antihistamines?
dimethyldihydrinate
diphenhydramine
meclinze
what do antihistamines do?
decreases the neural impulses from the 8th cranial nerve to the vomitting center
what are two side effects of antihistamines
sedative effect
can affect allergy
what are three examples of anticholinergics?
atropine
aminopentamide
isopropamide
what do anticholinergics do? 3
block acetylcholine
block stimulation of the comitting center
block stiulation of the muscles involved in vomiting
what are two possible side effects of anticholinergics?
may may decrease GI tract secretions and GI motility
