CV: Antiaarythmic - Flashcards

1
Q

define aarythmia

A

any abnormal pattern of electrical activity in the heart

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2
Q

what happens with aarythmia?

A

abnormal heart muscle cells depolarize faster than SA node

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3
Q

what are three examples of sodium influx inhibitors?

A

lidocaine
quinidine
procainamide

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4
Q

what do sodium influx inhibitors do?

A

inhibit the movement of sodium ions across damaged cell membranes, this decreases the rate at which abnormal cells can depolarize

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5
Q

what does lidocain treat?

A

ventricular aarythmias

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6
Q

what are two types of ventricular aarthmyias that lidocain treats?

A

ventricular tachycardia and ventricular premature contractions

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7
Q

how is lidocain administered and why

A

IV because oral absorption is poor and IM is erratic

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8
Q

what animal is very suceptable to lidocain?

A

cats

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9
Q

large doses of lidocain may cause what?

A

sedation

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10
Q

toxic doses of lidocain may cause what?

A

CV shock and siezures

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11
Q

do not use lidocain mixed with what when treating arrhythmias IV?

A

epinephrine

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12
Q

when is procainamide and quinidine used?

A

when ventricular aarythmia has not resolved with lidocain

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13
Q

what are the side effects of quinidine?

A

vomitting diarrhea anorexia

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14
Q

what are two calcium channel blockers?

A

diltiazem and verpamil

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15
Q

what do calcium channel blockers do?

A

block movement of calcium across channels in the cell membrane decreasing the rate of depolarization of abnormal cells

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16
Q

what are two possible side effects of calcium channel blockers?

A

may decrease contractility of cardiac muscle and cardiac output

17
Q

what are calcium channel blockers used to treat in cats? 2

A

tachyaarythmias and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

18
Q

what are calcium channel blockers used to treat in dogs?

A

tachyaarythmias

19
Q

what do beta blockers do?

A

block the sympathetic nervous system receptors in the heart that increase the heart rate when stimulated

20
Q

why would you use beta blockers?

A

because slowing the contraction rate if a diseased heart reduces the risk of arrythmias caused by abnormal cells

21
Q

what is the most common antiarrythmic drug?

A

beta blockers

22
Q

what are beta blockers used for in cats?

A

used to treat tachycardia in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

23
Q

why can bronchioconstriction occur with the use of beta blockers/

A

its due to the blockage of the sympathetic stimulation at the bronchiole

24
Q

with beta blockers, decreased sympathetic stimulation can also cause what? 2

A

decreased cardiac contractility

bronchioconstriction