Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Anticonvulsants > Flashcards

Anticonvulsants Flashcards

0
Q

What are four characteristics of seizures?

A

Loss of consciousness
Altered muscle tone or movement
Altered sensations
Neurological changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Define seizures

A

Periods of altered brain function due to recurrent abnormal electrical impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define convulsions

A

Seizures characterized by spastic muscle movement and loss of consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define epilepsy

A

Recurrent seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define idiopathic epilepsy

A

Recurring seizures with no identifiable cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define grand mal seizure

A

Spastic muscle contractions involving entire body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are anticonvulsants?

A

Drugs used to prevent seizures and decrease chance of spontaneous depolarization spreading in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are 3 symptoms of anti convulsants!

A

Ataxia
Drowsiness
Hepatotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Therapeutic drug monitoring is recomended for what drugs?

A

Phenobarbital and potassium bromide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is phenobarbital the drug of choice for long term seizures?

A

Because of its long half life and low cost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This anticonvulsant is highly protien bound

A

Phenobarbital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What form is only allowed to cross capillary membranes when in phenobarbital?

A

Free form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is phenobarbital eliminated?

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What group of enzymes does phenobarbital cause to increase there metabolize rate?

A

Cytochrome p450

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are four drugs that are metabolized by cytochrome p450?

A

Phenylbutazone, glucocorticoids, estrogen, phenobarbital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does chloramphenicol do to phenobarbital?

A

Inhibits the metabolism of phenobarbital by the cytochrome p450 enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are three side effects of phenobarbital?

A

Sedation, incoordination, lethargy

17
Q

What anticonvulsants are commonly used in conjunction with other anticonvulsants or as a single agent?

A

Potassium bromide

Levetiracetam

18
Q

Potassium bromide is mainly eliminated by what?

A

Kidneys

19
Q

What is potassium bromides half life?

A

21-24 days

20
Q

Why should you avoid salty treats and abrupt changes of diet with potassium bromide?

A

Because the salt may effect plasma concentrations

21
Q

Potassium is not recommended in what and why?

A

In us because it may cause eosinophilia bronchospasm

22
Q

Potassium bromide and phenobarbital can elevate what levels?

A

Elevate serum lipase concentrations and pancreantitis may be associated

23
Q

What anticonvulsant requires a loading dose?

A

Potassium bromide

24
Q

What anticonvulsant would be good for partial siezures with or without secondary siezures?

A

Levetiracetam

25
Q

What anticonvulsant has a 70% reduction in siezure frequency with mild side effects cats?

A

Levetiracetam

26
Q

After a short honeymoon period, what two anticonvulsants can cause a tolerance to build?

A

Liveries team and zonisamide

27
Q

What are three side effects of zonisamide?

A

KCS, blood dyscdasiss, crystalliria

28
Q

What anticonvulsant is metabolized into phenobarbital?

A

Primidone

29
Q

What anticonvulsant is a human drug but used to be used for epileptic animals?

A

Phenytoin

30
Q

How many times must phenytoin be administered?

A

Three times a day

31
Q

How come phenytoin much be given multiple times a day?

A

Poorly absorbed and rapidly eliminated

32
Q

The use of what two anticonvulsants to ether can cause hepatotoxicity?

A

Phynytoin and primidone

33
Q

What is the anticonvulsant of choice for convulsing animals?

A

Diazepam

34
Q

How should you administer diazepam for siezures?

A

IV

35
Q

How is diazepam eliminated?

A

Metabolized by liver

36
Q

In cats, what route of administration is better for diazepam?

A

Oral

37
Q

What is a CNS stimulant?

A

Doxapram

38
Q

What does doxapram do?

A

Stimulates the respiratory center in the brain stem to increase respiration

39
Q

What is doxapram used for?

A

Counteract apnea or slow breathing caused by large doses of anesthetics and sedatives

40
Q

What animals should you watch when giving doxapram?

A

Animals with siezures

Pharmacology (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions