GI system: anti diarrheal - prokinetic drugs Flashcards
What are two types of antidote heals that would modify intestinal motility?
Opioid analgesics
Anticholonergics
How would you treat mystery diarrhea?
Symptomatically by changing to a bland diet and medicate with some combination of amoxicillin, metronidazole, famotidine, and/or sucralfate
What do antidiaerheals that modify intestinal motility do?
Slow the move by of bowel contents by decreasing peristaltic movent or increasing segmental contractions
What is diarrhea?
Abnormally frequent discharge of fecal matter of increased volume and fluid content
What are four causes of diarrhea?
Maldigestion or mal absorption of food
Hyper secretion of intestinal fluid
Increased permeability of intestinal mucosal blood vessels
Increased intestinal motility
What are antidiaerheals that modify intestinal movement not frequently used?
Because a large proportion of diarrhea in small animals involve decreased motility
What are three examples of opioid analgesics?
Diphenoxylate
Paregoric
Loperamide
What do opioid analgesics do? 3
Increase segmental contractions and reduce peristaltic waves and have an anti secretory effect
What are two disadvantages to opioid analgesics?
Mask pain that can help you assess the situation
Increase the contact time between bacterial toxins and the intestinal mucosa
Would you use opioid analgesics in an animal with bacterial enteritis?
No
What are four examples of anticholinergics?
Atropine
Isopropamide
Aminopentamide
Glycopyrolate
What do anticholinergics do?
Block the effect of acetylcholine
What is acetylcholine?
Neurotransmitter associated with the parasympathetic nervous system
What diarrheas are anticholinergics effective against?
Diarrheas caused by increased colonic contractions
What are anticholinergics not effective against?
Most small bowel diarrheas
What are three absorbents and Protectants?
Activated charcoal
Kaolin/pectin
Bismuth subsalicylate
What do absorbents and Protectants do?
Prevent bacterial toxins and irritating compounds in the bowel lumen from contacting the intestinal mucosa which then inhibits fluid secretion
What does activated charcoal do?
Absorbs enterotoxins to its surface which then pass out in feces