GI system: anti diarrheal - prokinetic drugs Flashcards

0
Q

What are two types of antidote heals that would modify intestinal motility?

A

Opioid analgesics

Anticholonergics

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1
Q

How would you treat mystery diarrhea?

A

Symptomatically by changing to a bland diet and medicate with some combination of amoxicillin, metronidazole, famotidine, and/or sucralfate

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2
Q

What do antidiaerheals that modify intestinal motility do?

A

Slow the move by of bowel contents by decreasing peristaltic movent or increasing segmental contractions

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3
Q

What is diarrhea?

A

Abnormally frequent discharge of fecal matter of increased volume and fluid content

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4
Q

What are four causes of diarrhea?

A

Maldigestion or mal absorption of food
Hyper secretion of intestinal fluid
Increased permeability of intestinal mucosal blood vessels
Increased intestinal motility

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5
Q

What are antidiaerheals that modify intestinal movement not frequently used?

A

Because a large proportion of diarrhea in small animals involve decreased motility

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6
Q

What are three examples of opioid analgesics?

A

Diphenoxylate
Paregoric
Loperamide

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7
Q

What do opioid analgesics do? 3

A

Increase segmental contractions and reduce peristaltic waves and have an anti secretory effect

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8
Q

What are two disadvantages to opioid analgesics?

A

Mask pain that can help you assess the situation

Increase the contact time between bacterial toxins and the intestinal mucosa

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9
Q

Would you use opioid analgesics in an animal with bacterial enteritis?

A

No

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10
Q

What are four examples of anticholinergics?

A

Atropine
Isopropamide
Aminopentamide
Glycopyrolate

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11
Q

What do anticholinergics do?

A

Block the effect of acetylcholine

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12
Q

What is acetylcholine?

A

Neurotransmitter associated with the parasympathetic nervous system

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13
Q

What diarrheas are anticholinergics effective against?

A

Diarrheas caused by increased colonic contractions

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14
Q

What are anticholinergics not effective against?

A

Most small bowel diarrheas

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15
Q

What are three absorbents and Protectants?

A

Activated charcoal
Kaolin/pectin
Bismuth subsalicylate

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16
Q

What do absorbents and Protectants do?

A

Prevent bacterial toxins and irritating compounds in the bowel lumen from contacting the intestinal mucosa which then inhibits fluid secretion

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17
Q

What does activated charcoal do?

A

Absorbs enterotoxins to its surface which then pass out in feces

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18
Q

What does kaolin and pectin do?

A

Absorb enterotoxins and coat the intestinal bowel wall

19
Q

Because of their absorbent qualities what can kaopevtate do?

A

Decrease the Absorption of some antimicrobials and possible digoxin

20
Q

Is kaopectate absorbed in the GIT?

A

No

21
Q

What can act as an osmotic agent and pull water into the bowel lumen?

A

Kaopectate

22
Q

Why do you not use bismuth subsalicylate in cats?

A

Because the salicylate is similar to aspirin so it can cause kidney damage

23
Q

What is bismuth subsalicylate broken down to in the intestinal bowel?

A

Bismuth carbonate and salicylate

24
Q

What does bismuth do?

A

Coats the intestinal mucosa protecting it from enterotoxins and has some antibacterial activity

25
Q

What does salicylate do?

A

Inhibits the secretion of fluids and is absorbed into the systemic circulation

26
Q

What are laxative, lubricants, and stool softener a used for?

A

Increase fluid content of fever or soften them to facilitate passage

27
Q

What do laxatives do?

A

Increase fluid content

28
Q

What are two types of laxatives?

A

Irritant laxatives and bulk laxatives

29
Q

What are two types of irritant laxatives?

A

Castor oil and phenolphthalein

30
Q

What do irritant laxatives do?

A

Irritate the intestinal mucosa causing increased fluid secretion and peristaltic activity

31
Q

What do bulk laxatives do?

A

Osmotocly pulls water into intestinal lumen

32
Q

What can happen if you use large amounts of hypertonic salts?

A

Dehydrate the animal

33
Q

Absorption of what two things in salts can cause clinical problems when it comes to bulk laxatives?

A

Magnesium and phosphate

34
Q

What are three examples of fiber bulk laxatives?

A

Bran
Methyl cellulose
Psyllium

35
Q

What is an example of magnesium salts? 2

A

Milk of magnesia and Epsom salts

36
Q

What is an example of phosphate salts?

A

Fleet enema

37
Q

What are three examples of lubricants?

A

Mineral oil
Cod liver oil
White petrolatum

38
Q

What is tasteless and does not stimulate swallowing very well which can cause problems?

A

Mineral oil

39
Q

What can long term use of lubricants cause?

A

Decrease absorption of lipid soluble vitamins from the bowel

40
Q

What are the four lipid soluble vitamins?

A

ADEK

41
Q

What do stool softener a do?

A

Reduce the surface tension of the fences allowing water to penetrate the dry stool

42
Q

What is an example of a stool softener?

A

Docusate sodium succinate

43
Q

Stool softener a May also increase what?

A

Fluid secretions which increase the fluid content

44
Q

Why should you not use stool softener a and lubricants at the same time?

A

Stool softener a can cause lubricants to absorb leading to liver inflammation

45
Q

What is a prokinetic drug?

A

Cisapride

46
Q

What does Cisapride do?

A

Stimulates motility in the colon by causing more peristaltic waves