GI system: anti diarrheal - prokinetic drugs Flashcards
What are two types of antidote heals that would modify intestinal motility?
Opioid analgesics
Anticholonergics
How would you treat mystery diarrhea?
Symptomatically by changing to a bland diet and medicate with some combination of amoxicillin, metronidazole, famotidine, and/or sucralfate
What do antidiaerheals that modify intestinal motility do?
Slow the move by of bowel contents by decreasing peristaltic movent or increasing segmental contractions
What is diarrhea?
Abnormally frequent discharge of fecal matter of increased volume and fluid content
What are four causes of diarrhea?
Maldigestion or mal absorption of food
Hyper secretion of intestinal fluid
Increased permeability of intestinal mucosal blood vessels
Increased intestinal motility
What are antidiaerheals that modify intestinal movement not frequently used?
Because a large proportion of diarrhea in small animals involve decreased motility
What are three examples of opioid analgesics?
Diphenoxylate
Paregoric
Loperamide
What do opioid analgesics do? 3
Increase segmental contractions and reduce peristaltic waves and have an anti secretory effect
What are two disadvantages to opioid analgesics?
Mask pain that can help you assess the situation
Increase the contact time between bacterial toxins and the intestinal mucosa
Would you use opioid analgesics in an animal with bacterial enteritis?
No
What are four examples of anticholinergics?
Atropine
Isopropamide
Aminopentamide
Glycopyrolate
What do anticholinergics do?
Block the effect of acetylcholine
What is acetylcholine?
Neurotransmitter associated with the parasympathetic nervous system
What diarrheas are anticholinergics effective against?
Diarrheas caused by increased colonic contractions
What are anticholinergics not effective against?
Most small bowel diarrheas
What are three absorbents and Protectants?
Activated charcoal
Kaolin/pectin
Bismuth subsalicylate
What do absorbents and Protectants do?
Prevent bacterial toxins and irritating compounds in the bowel lumen from contacting the intestinal mucosa which then inhibits fluid secretion
What does activated charcoal do?
Absorbs enterotoxins to its surface which then pass out in feces
What does kaolin and pectin do?
Absorb enterotoxins and coat the intestinal bowel wall
Because of their absorbent qualities what can kaopevtate do?
Decrease the Absorption of some antimicrobials and possible digoxin
Is kaopectate absorbed in the GIT?
No
What can act as an osmotic agent and pull water into the bowel lumen?
Kaopectate
Why do you not use bismuth subsalicylate in cats?
Because the salicylate is similar to aspirin so it can cause kidney damage
What is bismuth subsalicylate broken down to in the intestinal bowel?
Bismuth carbonate and salicylate
What does bismuth do?
Coats the intestinal mucosa protecting it from enterotoxins and has some antibacterial activity
What does salicylate do?
Inhibits the secretion of fluids and is absorbed into the systemic circulation
What are laxative, lubricants, and stool softener a used for?
Increase fluid content of fever or soften them to facilitate passage
What do laxatives do?
Increase fluid content
What are two types of laxatives?
Irritant laxatives and bulk laxatives
What are two types of irritant laxatives?
Castor oil and phenolphthalein
What do irritant laxatives do?
Irritate the intestinal mucosa causing increased fluid secretion and peristaltic activity
What do bulk laxatives do?
Osmotocly pulls water into intestinal lumen
What can happen if you use large amounts of hypertonic salts?
Dehydrate the animal
Absorption of what two things in salts can cause clinical problems when it comes to bulk laxatives?
Magnesium and phosphate
What are three examples of fiber bulk laxatives?
Bran
Methyl cellulose
Psyllium
What is an example of magnesium salts? 2
Milk of magnesia and Epsom salts
What is an example of phosphate salts?
Fleet enema
What are three examples of lubricants?
Mineral oil
Cod liver oil
White petrolatum
What is tasteless and does not stimulate swallowing very well which can cause problems?
Mineral oil
What can long term use of lubricants cause?
Decrease absorption of lipid soluble vitamins from the bowel
What are the four lipid soluble vitamins?
ADEK
What do stool softener a do?
Reduce the surface tension of the fences allowing water to penetrate the dry stool
What is an example of a stool softener?
Docusate sodium succinate
Stool softener a May also increase what?
Fluid secretions which increase the fluid content
Why should you not use stool softener a and lubricants at the same time?
Stool softener a can cause lubricants to absorb leading to liver inflammation
What is a prokinetic drug?
Cisapride
What does Cisapride do?
Stimulates motility in the colon by causing more peristaltic waves
