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Medical Transcription > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

organs of the upper respiratory tract (4)

A

nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx

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2
Q

organs of the lower respiratory tract (4)

A

larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lungs

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3
Q

2 functions of respiratory system

A

supplies body with o2, releases CO2 out of the body

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4
Q

wall that separates the nasal cavities

A

nasal septum

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5
Q

3 bony structures that project from the lateral walls of the nose to increase surface area

A

nasal conchae

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6
Q

lines the nose and is supplied with capillaries which hold a large supply of blood to heat and moisten air as it passes

A

mucous membrane

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7
Q

cilia

A

ciliated epithelial cells that push dirt and particles to the throat

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8
Q

how much mucus produced per day?

A

over 1 pint

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9
Q

small cavities found in the bones of the skull that assist nasal cavities

A

sinuses

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10
Q

tube-like structure that is a passage for breathing and digestive tracts. made of muscle, lined with mucous membrane

A

pharynx (throat)

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11
Q

3 regions of pharynx

A

nasopharynx (back of nose to soft palate); oropharynx (soft palate to hyoid bone in lower jaw); laryngopharynx (hyoid to oesophagus)

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12
Q

Voice box, part of air passage connecting pharynx and trachea

A

larynx

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13
Q

narrow passageway in larynx between vocal cords

A

glottis

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14
Q

flap of tissue that closes when swallowing to prevent food from going into the lungs

A

epiglottis

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15
Q

cartilage protruding from midline of neck that supports the wall of the larynx

A

adam’s apple

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16
Q

Windpipe; nearly cylindric tube in neck made of cartilage and membrane, extending from larynx to 5th thoracic vertibra

A

trachea

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17
Q

what is the trachea covered by

A

thyroid gland

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18
Q

lobes in lungs

A

2 in left, 3 in right

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19
Q

pleural membrane

A

sac covering each lung

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20
Q

inner layer of pleural membrane

A

visceral pleura

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21
Q

outer layer of pleural membrane

A

parietal pleura

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22
Q

between visceral and parietal pleura; secretes fluid

A

pleural cavity

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23
Q

uppermost part of each lung

A

apex

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24
Q

midline region where blood, lymphatic vessels, nerves, bronchial tubes meet lungs

A

hilum or hilus

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25
Q

small sac-like structure

A

alveolus

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26
Q

tiny air sac where co2 leaves blood and o2 is taken into blood; made up of single epithelial cell layer and elastic fibers

A

pulmonary alveolus

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27
Q

substance of thin film that covers alveoli to prevent collapsing

A

surfectant

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28
Q

one of several large air passages in lungs

A

bronchus

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29
Q

smallest branch of bronchus, leads to tiny cluster of air sacs

A

bronchioles

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30
Q

space between right and left lungs; contains heart, aorta, oesophagus, and bronchi

A

mediastinum

31
Q

breathing in

A

inspiration

32
Q

breathing out

A

aspiration

33
Q

surfactant prevents the alveoli from

A

collapsing

34
Q

Oxygen is transported through the blood attached to a protein called

A

hemoglobin

35
Q

in the nose, air is

A

filtered, moistened, brought to body temperature

36
Q

oxygen component: inhalation and expiration

A

10.9% inhalation, 14% expiration

37
Q

co2 component: inhalation and expiration

A

0.04% inhalation, 5.60% expiration

38
Q

how does o2 diffuse into the blood

A

pulmonary capillaries, connecting with RBCs, forms weak bond with hemoglobin

39
Q

normal breathing rate

A

12-20 times per minute

40
Q

respiratory centres in the brain

A

medulla and pons

41
Q

major muscle of inspiration

A

diaphragm

42
Q

listening to sounds within the body

A

ausculation

43
Q

tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure

A

percussion

44
Q

scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other

A

pleural rub

45
Q

fine crackling sounds heard in auscultation when there’s fluid in alveoli

A

rales

46
Q

loud rumbling when fluid in alveoli

A

rhonchi

47
Q

material expelled by spitting

A

sputum

48
Q

strained/high pitched sound on inspiration caused by obstruction in pharynx/larynx

A

stridor

49
Q

continuous whistling during breathing

A

wheezes

50
Q

acute viral infection in kids with obstruction of larynx, barking cough, stridor

A

croup

51
Q

acute infection of throat/upper resp tract caused by diptheria bacterium

A

diptheria

52
Q

nosebleed

A

epistaxis

53
Q

whooping cough

A

pertussis

54
Q

chronic inflammatory disorder due to bronchial edema

A

asthma

55
Q

chronic dilation of bronchus, usually secondary to infection

A

bronchiectasis

56
Q

inflammation of bronchi over time

A

chronic bronchitis

57
Q

inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting on thick mucinous secretions

A

cystic fibrosis

58
Q

collapsed lung

A

atelectasis

59
Q

hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

A

emphysema

60
Q

NSCLC

A

non small cell lung cancer

61
Q

abnormal lung cancer caused by dust exposure

A

pneumoconiosis

62
Q

acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, fill w pus

A

pneumonia

63
Q

large collection of puss in lungs

A

pulmonary abscess

64
Q

fluid in alveoli/bronchioles

A

pulmonary edema

65
Q

clot in lung vessel

A

pulmonary embolism

66
Q

scar tissue in connective lung tissue

A

pulmonary fibrosis

67
Q

granulomas develop in lungs/lymph nodes

A

sarcoidosis

68
Q

rare malignant tumour in pleura

A

mesothelioma

69
Q

abnormal accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity

A

pleural effusion

70
Q

inflammation of pleura

A

pleurisy/pleuritis

71
Q

collection of air in pleural space

A

pneumothorax

72
Q

radioactive glucose injected in lungs to reveal metabolic activity

A

positron emission tomography

73
Q

detection device records radioactivity in lungs

A

ventilation-perfusion scan

74
Q

large surgical incision of chest

A

thoracotomy

Medical Transcription (42 decks)

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