OB/GYN Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Organs (6)

Answer 1

Ovaries x 2; Uterine tubes x 2; Breasts x 2; uterus, vagina, vulva

Question 2

Produce ova and female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone).

Answer 2

Ovaries

Question 3

Location of ovaries

Answer 3

Lateral walls of pelvic cavity

Question 4

follicle

Answer 4

ovum + cluster of cells which release estrogen

Question 5

mature follicle, ruptures after responding to LH and FSH after 2 weeks development

Answer 5

graafian follicle

Question 6

FSH

Answer 6

follicle stimulating hormone

Question 7

LH

Answer 7

Luteinizing hormone

Question 8

part of follicle left behind after ovulation, releases estrogen and progesterone to prepare for pregnancy

Answer 8

corpus luteum

Question 9

fingerlike projections that move ovum to uterus

Answer 9

fimbriae

Question 10

fertilized egg

Answer 10

zygote

Question 11

4 parts of uterus

Answer 11

corpus (main body); fundus (upper portion); cervix (lower narrow portion); endometrium (lining/mucous membrane)

Question 12

recesses between cervix and vaginal walls. contain rugae (folds) that unfold during intercourse or childbirth

Answer 12

fornices

Question 13

6 parts of vulva (external female genital structure)

Answer 13

mons pubis, labia major, labia minora, clitoris, vestibule (space within labia minora + location of bartholin glands), perineum

Question 14

4 parts of breasts

Answer 14

15-20 lobes of glandular tissue; adipose tissue; smooth nipple tissue; areola

Question 15

fibrous bands of tissue connecting breasts to skin

Answer 15

ligaments of Cooper

Question 16

fluid produced by breasts in first few days after childbirth

Answer 16

colostrum

Question 17

4 components of menstrual cycle

Answer 17

FSH+LH+estrogen+progesterone

Question 18

9 steps of menstrual cycle

Answer 18

1. FSH released, stimulates follicle development. 2. estrogen released, stimulates endometrium growth. 3. estrogen increased and LH released to initiate ovulation. 4. corpus luteum secretes progesterone/estrogen to thicken endometrium. 5. progesterone causes small glands to release nutrients. 6. if no fertilization, corpus luteum degenerates. 7. prog+est levels fall. 8. spiral arteries in uterine wall constrict creating ischemia. 9. menstruation begins as cells die and damaged arteries rupture/bleed.

Question 19

change at ovulation

Answer 19

mucous layer becomes thin and vagina becomes alkaline

Question 20

7 aspects of menopause.

Answer 20

1. ovaries less responsive to gonadotropic hormones. 2. amount of est/prog decreases. 3. ovaries degenerate. 4. menstrual cycle is irregular then stops. 5. vaginal lining thins. 6. breasts/vulva start to atrophy. 7. hot flashes may occur due to decreased estrogen on hypothalamus.