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Medical Transcription > Cardiology Disorders & Diseases > Flashcards

Cardiology Disorders & Diseases Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Altered state of consciousness due to decreased blood flow to the brain

A

Adam-Stokes syndrome

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2
Q

localised abnormal dilation of a vessel/artery caused by weakness in arterial wall or breakdown of wall due to atherosclerosis

A

aneurysm

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3
Q

suffocating chest pain occurring in anterior chest

A

angina (aka angina pectoris/precordial chest pain)

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4
Q

narrowing of the lumen in the aorta; passage of blood from left ventricle to aorta is impeded

A

aortic stenosis

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5
Q

variation from normal heartbeat rhythm

A

arrhythmia

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6
Q

hardening of arteries; usually in aorta, coronary, or cerebral arteries

A

arteriosclerosis

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7
Q

accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity

A

ascites

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8
Q

heart effective rate reduced 30%; however venous pressure will continue to force blood into ventricles

A

atrial fibrillation

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9
Q

atria contracts 2-3x more than ventricular contractions; due to dilation of atria due to diseased valve

A

atrial flutter

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10
Q

AV bundle becomes damaged or impulses are depressed

A

atrioventricular (AV) heart block

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11
Q

low heart rate (<60 bpm)

A

bradycardia

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12
Q

abnormal sound of heart or main arteries between normal heartbeats. result of turbulence

A

bruit / murmur

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13
Q

any heart disease not caused by impairment of coronary circulation and ischemia

A

cardiomyopathy

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14
Q

pain and weakness in a lower extremity with exertion but not at rest

A

claudication

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15
Q

constriction, stricture, or stenosis

A

coarctation

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16
Q

failure of heart to supply adequate amount of blood to organs/tissues. blood accumulates in lungs (left side CHF) or abdominal organs (right side CHF)

A

congestive heart failure (CHF)

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17
Q

results from atherosclerosis, arteries become occluded - causes blood regurgitation in arteries and lack of blood to heart

A

coronary artery disease (CAD)

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18
Q

blue skin

A

cyanosis

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19
Q

profuse sweating

A

diaphoresis

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20
Q

difficulty breathing

A

dyspnea

21
Q

heartbeat originated from impulse other than SA node

A

ectopic beat

22
Q

swelling

A

edema

23
Q

blood clots that move around vascular system

A

emboli

24
Q

rapid heartbeat (+350 bpm) with uncoordinated contracts; heart cannot contract as whole so cannot pump blood

A

fibrillation

25
Q

transmission of action potential becomes delayed or blocked

A

heart block

26
Q

high bp (above 140/90)

A

hypertension

27
Q

high cholesterol in blood

A

hypercholesterolemia

28
Q

infection of endocardium

A

infective endocarditis

29
Q

local and temporary deficiency of blood supply

A

ischemia

30
Q

cusps of mitral valve prolapse into left atrium during systole

A

mitral valve prolapse

31
Q

heart attack - no blood supply to heart

A

myocardial infarction

32
Q

open, unobstructed

A

patent

33
Q

pinpoint hemorrhages found on skin or palate of mouth

A

petechiae

34
Q

inflammation of vein wall

A

phlebitis

35
Q

ductus arteriosus duct between aorta+pulmonary artery remains open after birth

A

patent ductus arteriosus

36
Q

scraping sound heart with each heartbeat; associated with pericarditis

A

pericardial rub

37
Q

blockage of arteries in lower extremities, usually femoral/popliteal arteries

A

peripheral vascular disease

38
Q

blood clot in the pulmonary circulation

A

pulmonary embolism

39
Q

fingers/toes throb and turn whitish due to vasospasms

A

raynaud syndrome

40
Q

complication of streptococcal infection which can cause heart disease - inflammation of heart, scarring

A

rheumatic fever

41
Q

small holes in septum

A

septal defect

42
Q

fainting

A

syncope

43
Q

fast heart rate (>100 bpm)

A

tachycardia

44
Q

congenital malformation of heart defined by 4 defects; pulmonary artery stenosis, ventricular septal defect, hypertrophy of right ventricle, and aorta is over interventricular septum

A

tetralogy of Fallot

45
Q

4 defects of tetralogy of fallot

A

pulmonary artery stenosis, ventricular septal defect, hypertrophy of right ventricle, and aorta is over interventricular septum

46
Q

vibration felt on palpation of chest

A

thrill

47
Q

clot forming in vein wall

A

thrombophlebitis

48
Q

blood unable to be pumped into artery; can result in death

A

ventricular fibrillation

Medical Transcription (42 decks)

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