Cardiology Disorders & Diseases Flashcards
Altered state of consciousness due to decreased blood flow to the brain
Adam-Stokes syndrome
localised abnormal dilation of a vessel/artery caused by weakness in arterial wall or breakdown of wall due to atherosclerosis
aneurysm
suffocating chest pain occurring in anterior chest
angina (aka angina pectoris/precordial chest pain)
narrowing of the lumen in the aorta; passage of blood from left ventricle to aorta is impeded
aortic stenosis
variation from normal heartbeat rhythm
arrhythmia
hardening of arteries; usually in aorta, coronary, or cerebral arteries
arteriosclerosis
accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity
ascites
heart effective rate reduced 30%; however venous pressure will continue to force blood into ventricles
atrial fibrillation
atria contracts 2-3x more than ventricular contractions; due to dilation of atria due to diseased valve
atrial flutter
AV bundle becomes damaged or impulses are depressed
atrioventricular (AV) heart block
low heart rate (<60 bpm)
bradycardia
abnormal sound of heart or main arteries between normal heartbeats. result of turbulence
bruit / murmur
any heart disease not caused by impairment of coronary circulation and ischemia
cardiomyopathy
pain and weakness in a lower extremity with exertion but not at rest
claudication
constriction, stricture, or stenosis
coarctation
failure of heart to supply adequate amount of blood to organs/tissues. blood accumulates in lungs (left side CHF) or abdominal organs (right side CHF)
congestive heart failure (CHF)
results from atherosclerosis, arteries become occluded - causes blood regurgitation in arteries and lack of blood to heart
coronary artery disease (CAD)
blue skin
cyanosis
profuse sweating
diaphoresis
difficulty breathing
dyspnea
heartbeat originated from impulse other than SA node
ectopic beat
swelling
edema
blood clots that move around vascular system
emboli
rapid heartbeat (+350 bpm) with uncoordinated contracts; heart cannot contract as whole so cannot pump blood
fibrillation
transmission of action potential becomes delayed or blocked
heart block
high bp (above 140/90)
hypertension
high cholesterol in blood
hypercholesterolemia
infection of endocardium
infective endocarditis
local and temporary deficiency of blood supply
ischemia
cusps of mitral valve prolapse into left atrium during systole
mitral valve prolapse
heart attack - no blood supply to heart
myocardial infarction
open, unobstructed
patent
pinpoint hemorrhages found on skin or palate of mouth
petechiae
inflammation of vein wall
phlebitis
ductus arteriosus duct between aorta+pulmonary artery remains open after birth
patent ductus arteriosus
scraping sound heart with each heartbeat; associated with pericarditis
pericardial rub
blockage of arteries in lower extremities, usually femoral/popliteal arteries
peripheral vascular disease
blood clot in the pulmonary circulation
pulmonary embolism
fingers/toes throb and turn whitish due to vasospasms
raynaud syndrome
complication of streptococcal infection which can cause heart disease - inflammation of heart, scarring
rheumatic fever
small holes in septum
septal defect
fainting
syncope
fast heart rate (>100 bpm)
tachycardia
congenital malformation of heart defined by 4 defects; pulmonary artery stenosis, ventricular septal defect, hypertrophy of right ventricle, and aorta is over interventricular septum
tetralogy of Fallot
4 defects of tetralogy of fallot
pulmonary artery stenosis, ventricular septal defect, hypertrophy of right ventricle, and aorta is over interventricular septum
vibration felt on palpation of chest
thrill
clot forming in vein wall
thrombophlebitis
blood unable to be pumped into artery; can result in death
ventricular fibrillation
