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Medical Transcription > Chapter 2- BODY AS A WHOLE LoM > Flashcards

Chapter 2- BODY AS A WHOLE LoM Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Anabolism

A

The process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids

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2
Q

Catabolism

A

The process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released

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3
Q

Cell membrane

A

Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and what leaves

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4
Q

Chromosomes

A

Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for egg and sperm cell

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5
Q

Cytoplasm

A

All of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane

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6
Q

DNA

A

Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell

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7
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Here, large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.

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8
Q

Genes

A

Regions of DNA within each chromosome

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9
Q

Karyotype

A

Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure.

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10
Q

Metabolism

A

Total of the chemical processes in a cell.

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11
Q

Mitochondria

A

Rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy for the cell. Catabolism occurs in mitochondria.

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12
Q

Digestive organs

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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13
Q

Urinary or excretory

A

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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14
Q

Respiratory

A

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs

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15
Q

Reproductive

A

Female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands

Male: testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland

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16
Q

Endocrine

A

Thyroid gland (in the neck), pituitary gland (base of brain), sex glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, parathyroid glands

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17
Q

Nervous organs

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, collection of nerves

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18
Q

Circulatory organs

A

Heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland

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19
Q

Musculoskeletal

A

Muscles, bones and joints

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20
Q

Skin and sense organs

A

Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands; eye, ear, nose and tongue

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21
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Collection of fat cells

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22
Q

Cartilage

A

Flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints

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23
Q

Epithelial cells

A

Skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line internal surfaces of organs

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24
Q

histologist

A

specialist in the study of tissues

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25
Q

larynx

A

voice box; located above the trachea

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26
Q

pharynx

A

throat

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27
Q

pituitary gland

A

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

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28
Q

thyroid gland

A

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

29
Q

trachea

A

windpipe

30
Q

ureter

A

one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the bladder

31
Q

urethra

A

tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

32
Q

uterus

A

womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it deveoops

33
Q

viscera

A

internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially in the abdomen

34
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Space below the chest containing liver, stomach etc

35
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Space in the head containing the brain

36
Q

Diaphragm

A

Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities

37
Q

Dorsal

A

Pertaining to the back

38
Q

Mediastinum

A

Centrally located space outside of and between the lungs

39
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs

40
Q

peritoneum

A

Double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity

41
Q

Pleura

A

Double folded membrane surrounding each lung

42
Q

Pleural caviry

A

Space between the pleural layers

43
Q

Spinal cavity

A

Space within spinal column containing the spinal cord

44
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs

45
Q

Hypochondriac region

A

Right and left upper region beneath ribs

46
Q

Epigastric region

A

Middle upper region above the stomach

47
Q

Lumbar

A

Right and left middle regions near the waist

48
Q

Umbilical

A

Central region near the navel

49
Q

Inguinal

A

Left and right lower regions near the groin (iliac regions)

50
Q

Hypogastric

A

Middle lower region below umbilical region

51
Q

Abdominopelvic quadrants

A

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

52
Q

Divisions of the back

A 
Cervical (neck, C1-C7)
Thoracic (chest, T1-T12)
Lumbar (Loin, L1-L5)
Sacral (sacrum, S1-S5)
Coccygeal (coccyx / tailbone)
53
Q

Spinal column

A

Bone tissue surrounding spinal cavity

54
Q

Spinal cord

A

Nervous tissue within spinal cavity

55
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

Front side of the body

56
Q

Deep

A

Away from the surface

57
Q

Distal

A

Far from point of attachment to the trunk or far from beginning of a structure

58
Q

Frontal (Coronal) plane

A

Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior positions

59
Q

Inferior

A

Below another structure; pertaining to lower part of the body

60
Q

Lateral

A

Pertaining to the side

61
Q

Medial

A

Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane or th body

62
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

Back surface of the body

63
Q

Prone

A

Lying on the belly

64
Q

Proximal

A

Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure

65
Q

Sagittal or lateral plane

A

Lengthwise, vertical plane dividing body into left and right side

66
Q

Superficial

A

On the surface

67
Q

Superior (cephalic)

A

Above another structure; pertaining to the head

68
Q

Supine

A

Lying on the back

69
Q

Transverse (axial) plane

A

Horizontal cross section plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions

Medical Transcription (42 decks)

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