Cardiology - EKGs Flashcards
standard for recording cardiac activity
12-lead ECG
recording electrode or pair
lead
measures sequential depolarization of atria
p wave
depolarization of ventricles, simultaneous normal ventricular activity
QRS complex
repolarization of ventricles
ST-T wave
thought to be afterdepolarization in ventricles
U wave
time of P wave before QRS complex
PR interval
time of ventricular depolarization
QRS duration
time of depolarization and repolarization of ventricles
QT interval
time of ventricular cardiac cycle known as ventricular rate
RR interval
time of atrial cycle (atrial rate)
PP interval
leads named in roman numerals
bipolar limb leads (frontal plane)
leads named in V then R, L, F, roman numerals
augmented unipolar leads
leads named in V1, V2, V3, + V4, V5, V6
unipolar chest (precordial) leads
records electric action of heart on graph paper - diagnoses HR irregularities, conductions, myocardial ischemia MI
electrocardiogram EKG/ECG
produces images of structure and movement of heart
echocardiography or ECHO
images/doppler info through fiberoptic endoscope. diagnoses prosthetic vaulve function, aneurysm, posterior pericardial infusion, cardiac masses
transesophageal echocardiography or TEE
portable monitor records cardiac activity 24hrs. patient keeps diary. detects dysrhythmias
holter monitoring
heart response to physical exertion
exercise stress echocardiogram, stress test, exercise tolerance test ETT
a computer is used to evaluate lower-level signals that do not appear on EKG
signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG)
combo of treadmill stress test and echocardiogram
stress echocardiogram (stress ECHO)
2-dimensional echocardiography
@DE
motion mode echocardiography
M-mode cardiography
continuous wave Doppler echocardiography
CW Doppler
intravascular ultrasound
IVUS
amplitude modulation echocardiography
A-mode echocardiography
brightness modulation echocardiography
B-mode echocardiography
fractional shortening
FS
fractional area change
FAC
ejection fraction
EF
e point septal separation
EPSS
systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve
SAM
pressure half-time
PHT
mitral valve area
MVA
aortic valve area
AVA
left ventricular internal dimension
LVID
interventricular septal thickness
IVS or IVST
posterior wall thickness
PW or PWT
end diastole
d or ed
end systole
s or es
6 major sections in ECG
measurements, rhythm analysis, conduction analysis, waveform description, ECG interpretation, comparison
abnormal result term: bradycardia, tachycardia
heart rate
abnormal result term: normal or short. short: WPW, LGL, AV junctional rhythm, actopic atrial rhythm. 1st deg AV block, AV disociation
PR interval
abnormal result term: r/l bundle branch block, nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay, ectopic rhythm, fascicular block
QRS duration
abnormal result term: QT syndrome (torade-de-pointes), romano-ward syndrome, CNS disease
QT interval
abnormal result term: left/r axis deviation
frontal plane QRS axis
