GU Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

Function of genitourinary system

Answer 1

Eliminates waste through the excretion of metabolic waste from the body

Question 2

Principal metabolic wastes which are excreted (3)

Answer 2

Water, CO2, nitrogenous wastes

Question 3

Nitrogenous wastes (3)

Answer 3

Urea, uric acid, creatinine

Question 4

Function and location of kidneys

Answer 4

Near posterior wall just below diaphragm; remove waste from blood and produce urine

Question 5

9 parts of kidneys

Answer 5

Hilus; renal capsule; renal cortex; renal medulla; renal pelvis; pyramids; papilla; major calyces; minor calyces

Question 6

Where the ureters connect with the kidneys

Answer 6

Hilus

Question 7

Covering of kidney made out of connective tissue

Answer 7

Renal capsule

Question 8

Outer portion of kidney

Answer 8

Renal cortex

Question 9

Inner portion of kidney

Answer 9

Renal medulla

Question 10

Cone-shaped regions of renal medulla

Answer 10

Pyramids

Question 11

Tip of each pyramid containing several pores

Answer 11

Papilla

Question 12

Hollow structure which urine flows into that branches into 4-8 funnel shaped cups

Answer 12

Renal pelvis

Question 13

4-8 funnel shaped cups in kidneys

Answer 13

Major calyces

Question 14

Smaller funnel shaped cups in kidneys that drain ducts and transport urine to major calyces

Answer 14

Minor calyces

Question 15

Millions of microscopic units which make up kidneys that filter blood and produce urine

Answer 15

Nephrons

Question 16

10 components of nephrons

Answer 16

Afferent arteriole; efferent arteriole; Bowman capsule; distal convoluted tubule; glomerulus; loop of Henle; peritubular capillaries; proximal; renal corpuscles; renal tubule

Question 17

part of nephrons consisting of network of capillaries where blood is filtered

Answer 17

renal corpuscles

Question 18

where blood flows into glomerulus

Answer 18

afferent arteriole

Question 19

where blood is filtered

Answer 19

glomerulus

Question 20

where blood flows out of the glomerulus, conducts blood to 2nd set of capillaries

Answer 20

efferent arteriole

Question 21

2nd set of capillaries that surround renal tubule

Answer 21

peritubular capillaries

Question 22

contains an opening in the bottom where filtrate can pass into renal tubule

Answer 22

Bowman capsule

Question 23

where filtrate is passed and substances needed by body are returned to blood, waste products are passed into collecting ducts as urine

Answer 23

renal tubule

Question 24

convoluted tubule; first part of renal tubule

Answer 24

proximal

Question 25

connects the proximal and distal tubules

Answer 25

loop of Henle

Question 26

urine drains into collecting ducts. Part of this tubule curves up making contact with afferent and efferent arterioles creating modified cells known as juxtoglomerular apparatus, forming structure which helps regulate BP in kidneys

Answer 26

distal convoluted tubule

Question 27

location of nephron components except loop of Henle

Answer 27

renal cortex

Question 28

location of loop of Henle

Answer 28

dips down into medulla

Question 29

2 tubes approx 10 inches long connecting kidneys to urinary bladder

Answer 29

ureters

Question 30

discharges urine out of the body

Answer 30

urethra

Question 31

organ made up of connective and epithelial lining, holds up to 1.5 pints of urine

Answer 31

urinary bladder

Question 32

composition of urine

Answer 32

96% water, 2.5% nitrogenous waste, 1.5% salt.

Question 33

3 steps of urine formation

Answer 33

1. Glomerular filtration; 2. Tubular reabsorption, 3. Tubular secretion