GI: Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Other words for GI tract:

Answer 1

alimentary canal, digestive tract

Question 2

Chewing

Answer 2

Mastication

Question 3

Swallowing

Answer 3

Deglutition

Question 4

Chewing and swallowing

Answer 4

Ingestion

Question 5

Rhythmic muscular contractions to push food

Answer 5

peristalsis

Question 6

Process by which broken down molecules move through the intestinal tract into blood or lymph

Answer 6

absorption

Question 7

Lining of digestive tract consisting of epithelial tissue on a layer of connective tissue

Answer 7

mucosa / mucous membrane

Question 8

under mucosa. supplies GI tract with blood vessels and nerves

Answer 8

submucosa

Question 9

outer wall of digestive tract below diaphragm

Answer 9

adventitia

Question 10

inner layer of peritoneum, wrapped around visceral organs and located inside intraperitoneal space

Answer 10

visceral peritoneum

Question 11

outer layer of peritoneum. lines the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 11

parietal peritoneum

Question 12

space between visceral + parietal peritoneum

Answer 12

peritoneal cavity

Question 13

double fold of peritoneal tissue that projects from parietal peritoneum and anchors small intestine to posterior abdominal wall; supports vessels/nerves that supply the intestines

Answer 13

mesentery

Question 14

“fatty apron”: large double fold attached to small+large intestines and stomach. hangs down like apron, consists of large fat deposits and lymph nodes.

Answer 14

greater omentum

Question 15

hangs down to stomach and beginning of small intestine from liver.

Answer 15

lesser omentum

Question 16

fold of peritoneum that anchors the colon to the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 16

mesocolon

Question 17

Largest saliva gland located in tissue inferior and anterior to the ears

Answer 17

Parotid glands

Question 18

saliva glands that lie below the jaw

Answer 18

submandibular glands

Question 19

Saliva glands that lie below the tongue

Answer 19

Sublingual glands

Question 20

2 components of saliva

Answer 20

A serous secretion containing salivary amylase (enzyme) + a mucous secretion to lubricate the oral cavity

Question 21

Where swallowing takes place; approximately 4.5 to 5 inches long.

Answer 21

Pharynx

Question 22

Part of pharynx posterior to the mouth

Answer 22

Oropharynx

Question 23

Part of pharynx posterior to the nose

Answer 23

Nasopharynx

Question 24

Part of pharynx that opens into larynx and esophagus

Answer 24

Laryngopharynx

Question 25

Semisolid food after it is chewed and mixed with saliva

Answer 25

Bolus

Question 26

Small flap of tissue which closes the larynx to prevent food from moving into lungs

Answer 26

Epiglottis

Question 27

Sphincter at bottom of esophagus which prevents gastric juices from entering

Answer 27

Lower esophageal sphincter / Cardiac sphincter

Question 28

Folds of mucosa and submucosa that give the stomach a wrinkled appearance

Answer 28

Rugae

Question 29

Secrete gastric juice containing hydrochloric acid and enzymes into stomach

Answer 29

Gastric glands

Question 30

Primary enzyme of the stomach

Answer 30

Pepsin

Question 31

Semisolid soupy food mixture after 3-4 hours of digestion

Answer 31

Chyme

Question 32

Exit of stomach where food is moved by peristaltic contractions

Answer 32

Pylorus

Question 33

Sphincter found at end of stomach to prevent food regurgitating back in

Answer 33

Pyloric sphincter

Question 34

Large elongated gland inferior to stomach. Both an exo and endocrine gland.

Answer 34

Pancreas

Question 35

Where bile is stored.

Answer 35

Gallbladder

Question 36

Cystic duct from gallbladder joins the duct from the liver

Answer 36

Common bile duct

Question 37

Tube about 16 feet long by 1.5 inches in diameter that extends from stomach

Answer 37

Small intestine

Question 38

First 22 cm of small intestine, shaped like a C. Chyme is broken down into molecules here.

Answer 38

Duodenum

Question 39

Next 6 feet of small intestine after duodenum

Answer 39

Jejunum

Question 40

Last part of small intestine

Answer 40

Ileum

Question 41

Tiny fingerlike projections that increase surface area of small intestine

Answer 41

Villi

Question 42

Glands that secrete large amounts of fluid to assist with digestion and absorption

Answer 42

Intestinal glands

Question 43

Sphincter between small and large intestine.

Answer 43

Ileocecal valve

Question 44

Last part of digestive system, approx 5 feet long. Water and sodium absorbed from chyme.

Answer 44

Large intestines

Question 45

3 functions of large intestine

Answer 45

Absorption of sodium and water; incubation of bacteria; elimination of wastes

Question 46

7 cm of large intestine where end of small and beginning of large overlap

Answer 46

cecum

Question 47

worm-shaped tube rich in lymph tissue that extends from cecum

Answer 47

veriform appendix

Question 48

last 12 cm of digestive tract

Answer 48

rectum

Question 49

area between cecum and rectum

Answer 49

colon

Question 50

cecum up to border the lowest part of the liver

Answer 50

ascending colon

Question 51

horizontally extending across abdomen below liver and stomach

Answer 51

transverse colon

Question 52

S-shaped emptying into the rectum

Answer 52

sigmoid colon

Question 53

Largest, most complex organ in body. Located inferior to diaphragm.

Answer 53

Liver

Question 54

Arteries that supply liver with blood

Answer 54

Hepatic arteries

Question 55

Vein that delivers blood that has just received nutrients from small intestine

Answer 55

hepatic portal vein

Question 56

cells that line hepatic sinusoids.

Answer 56

Kupffer cells