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Medical Transcription > GI: Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

GI: Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Other words for GI tract:

A

alimentary canal, digestive tract

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2
Q

Chewing

A

Mastication

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3
Q

Swallowing

A

Deglutition

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4
Q

Chewing and swallowing

A

Ingestion

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5
Q

Rhythmic muscular contractions to push food

A

peristalsis

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6
Q

Process by which broken down molecules move through the intestinal tract into blood or lymph

A

absorption

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7
Q

Lining of digestive tract consisting of epithelial tissue on a layer of connective tissue

A

mucosa / mucous membrane

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8
Q

under mucosa. supplies GI tract with blood vessels and nerves

A

submucosa

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9
Q

outer wall of digestive tract below diaphragm

A

adventitia

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10
Q

inner layer of peritoneum, wrapped around visceral organs and located inside intraperitoneal space

A

visceral peritoneum

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11
Q

outer layer of peritoneum. lines the abdominopelvic cavity

A

parietal peritoneum

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12
Q

space between visceral + parietal peritoneum

A

peritoneal cavity

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13
Q

double fold of peritoneal tissue that projects from parietal peritoneum and anchors small intestine to posterior abdominal wall; supports vessels/nerves that supply the intestines

A

mesentery

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14
Q

“fatty apron”: large double fold attached to small+large intestines and stomach. hangs down like apron, consists of large fat deposits and lymph nodes.

A

greater omentum

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15
Q

hangs down to stomach and beginning of small intestine from liver.

A

lesser omentum

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16
Q

fold of peritoneum that anchors the colon to the posterior abdominal wall

A

mesocolon

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17
Q

Largest saliva gland located in tissue inferior and anterior to the ears

A

Parotid glands

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18
Q

saliva glands that lie below the jaw

A

submandibular glands

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19
Q

Saliva glands that lie below the tongue

A

Sublingual glands

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20
Q

2 components of saliva

A

A serous secretion containing salivary amylase (enzyme) + a mucous secretion to lubricate the oral cavity

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21
Q

Where swallowing takes place; approximately 4.5 to 5 inches long.

A

Pharynx

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22
Q

Part of pharynx posterior to the mouth

A

Oropharynx

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23
Q

Part of pharynx posterior to the nose

A

Nasopharynx

24
Q

Part of pharynx that opens into larynx and esophagus

A

Laryngopharynx

25
Q

Semisolid food after it is chewed and mixed with saliva

A

Bolus

26
Q

Small flap of tissue which closes the larynx to prevent food from moving into lungs

A

Epiglottis

27
Q

Sphincter at bottom of esophagus which prevents gastric juices from entering

A

Lower esophageal sphincter / Cardiac sphincter

28
Q

Folds of mucosa and submucosa that give the stomach a wrinkled appearance

A

Rugae

29
Q

Secrete gastric juice containing hydrochloric acid and enzymes into stomach

A

Gastric glands

30
Q

Primary enzyme of the stomach

A

Pepsin

31
Q

Semisolid soupy food mixture after 3-4 hours of digestion

A

Chyme

32
Q

Exit of stomach where food is moved by peristaltic contractions

A

Pylorus

33
Q

Sphincter found at end of stomach to prevent food regurgitating back in

A

Pyloric sphincter

34
Q

Large elongated gland inferior to stomach. Both an exo and endocrine gland.

A

Pancreas

35
Q

Where bile is stored.

A

Gallbladder

36
Q

Cystic duct from gallbladder joins the duct from the liver

A

Common bile duct

37
Q

Tube about 16 feet long by 1.5 inches in diameter that extends from stomach

A

Small intestine

38
Q

First 22 cm of small intestine, shaped like a C. Chyme is broken down into molecules here.

A

Duodenum

39
Q

Next 6 feet of small intestine after duodenum

A

Jejunum

40
Q

Last part of small intestine

A

Ileum

41
Q

Tiny fingerlike projections that increase surface area of small intestine

A

Villi

42
Q

Glands that secrete large amounts of fluid to assist with digestion and absorption

A

Intestinal glands

43
Q

Sphincter between small and large intestine.

A

Ileocecal valve

44
Q

Last part of digestive system, approx 5 feet long. Water and sodium absorbed from chyme.

A

Large intestines

45
Q

3 functions of large intestine

A

Absorption of sodium and water; incubation of bacteria; elimination of wastes

46
Q

7 cm of large intestine where end of small and beginning of large overlap

A

cecum

47
Q

worm-shaped tube rich in lymph tissue that extends from cecum

A

veriform appendix

48
Q

last 12 cm of digestive tract

A

rectum

49
Q

area between cecum and rectum

A

colon

50
Q

cecum up to border the lowest part of the liver

A

ascending colon

51
Q

horizontally extending across abdomen below liver and stomach

A

transverse colon

52
Q

S-shaped emptying into the rectum

A

sigmoid colon

53
Q

Largest, most complex organ in body. Located inferior to diaphragm.

A

Liver

54
Q

Arteries that supply liver with blood

A

Hepatic arteries

55
Q

Vein that delivers blood that has just received nutrients from small intestine

A

hepatic portal vein

56
Q

cells that line hepatic sinusoids.

A

Kupffer cells

Medical Transcription (42 decks)

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